| Literature DB >> 33331522 |
Gabriella Marques Bernardes1, Helton Saulo2, Rodrigo Nobre Fernandez3, Maria Fernanda Lima-Costa1,4, Fabíola Bof de Andrade1,4.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the relation between catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) and multimorbidity in a national representative sample of the Brazilian population aged 50 year or older.Entities:
Year: 2020 PMID: 33331522 PMCID: PMC7703545 DOI: 10.11606/s1518-8787.2020054002285
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Rev Saude Publica ISSN: 0034-8910 Impact factor: 2.106
Sociodemographic and health characteristics of the research participants (Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging), 2015–2016.
| Variables | % | 95%CI | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | |||
| Female | 54.0 | 51.1–56.9 | |
| Male | 46.0 | 43.1–48.9 | |
| Age (years) | |||
| 50–59 | 46.9 | 42.6–51.3 | |
| 60–69 | 30.0 | 28.1–31.9 | |
| 70–79 | 15.8 | 14.0–17.8 | |
| 80+ | 7.3 | 6.0–8.8 | |
| Marital status | |||
| No marital relationship | 36.8 | 33.9–39.8 | |
| With marital relationship | 63.2 | 60.2–66.1 | |
| Education | |||
| No study | 12.3 | 10.0–14.9 | |
| 1–3 years | 18.7 | 17.1–20.4 | |
| 4–7 years | 31.6 | 29.1–34.2 | |
| 8+ years | 37.4 | 34.6–40.4 | |
| Proportion of older adults in the household | 70.7 | 69.2–72.2 | |
| Multimorbidity | |||
| No | 36.8 | 34.6–39.1 | |
| Yes | 63.2 | 60.9–65.4 | |
| Medications (mean) | 2.2 | 2.1–2.3 | |
| Functional limitation | |||
| No | 84.4 | 83.0–85.7 | |
| Yes | 15.6 | 14.3–17.0 | |
| Private Health Insurance | |||
| No | 74.1 | 1.4–76.7 | |
| Yes | 25.9 | 23.3–28.6 | |
| Catastrophic health expenditure | |||
| 10% cutoff point | 17.9 | 16.4–19.5 | |
| 25% cutoff point | 7.5 | 6.6–8.4 | |
Mean proportion of health expenditures in relation to out-of-pocket of older adults in Brazil (Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging), 2015–2016.
| Expenditure | Out-of-pocket | |
|---|---|---|
| % | 95%CI | |
| Medication | 65.1 | 63.0–67.3 |
| Dentist | 12.2 | 10.7–13.7 |
| Medical consultation | 11.1 | 9.8–12.4 |
| Examination | 8.7 | 7.5–10.0 |
| Physiotherapist | 1.4 | 1.0–1.7 |
| Caregiver | 0.8 | 0.4–1.2 |
| Hospitalization | 0.5 | 0.3–0.7 |
| Psychologist | 0.5 | 0.3–0.6 |
| Nutritionist | 0.2 | 0.1–0.3 |
| Occupational therapist | 0.0 | 0.0–0.07 |
| Speech therapist | 0.0 | 0.0–0.1 |
Univariate analysis between catastrophic expenditure and independent variables (Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging), 2015–2016.
| Variables | Catastrophic expenditure | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| ≥ 10% OR (95%CI) | ≥ 25% OR (95%CI) | ||
| Sex (ref. | |||
| Male | 0.59 (0.51-0.70) | 0.53 (0.42–0.68) | |
| Age (years) | 1.03 (1.02–1.04) | 1.02 (1.01–1.04) | |
| Marital status (ref. no) | |||
| Yes | 0.73 (0.64-0.82) | 0.59 (0.51-0.70) | |
| Years of study | 0.99 (0.98–1.01) | 1.00 (0.98–1.02) | |
| Wealth score (ref. | |||
| 2nd quintile | 1.28 (1.02–1.60) | 1.36 (1.03–1.79) | |
| 3rd quintile | 1.16 (0.93–1.43) | 1.09 (0.81–1.46) | |
| 4th quintile | 0.94 (0.72–1.23) | 0.89 (0.63–1.24) | |
| 5th quintile (richest) | 0.92 (0.69–1.23) | 1.04 (0.72–1.49) | |
| Proportion of older adults in the household | 1.01 (1.01–1.01) | 1.01 (1.00–1.01) | |
| Physical activity (ref. | |||
| Yes | 0.79 (0.67-0.93) | 0.84 (0.68–1.04) | |
| Multimorbidity (ref. | |||
| Yes | 2.45 (2.11–2.84) | 1.83 (1.47–2.28) | |
| No. of medications | 1.34 (1.30–1.39) | 1.27 (1.22–1.32) | |
| Functional limitation (ref. | |||
| Yes | 2.45 (2.15–2.78) | 2.26 (1.78–2.87) | |
| Private health insurance (ref. | |||
| Yes | 1.36 (1.15–1.60) | 1.49 (1.17–1.88) | |
ref.ᵃ: reference category
p < 0.001
p < 0.05
p < 0.01
Multiple logistic regression model for factors associated with catastrophic health expenditure (Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging), 2015-2016.
| Variables | Catastrophic expenditure | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 10% OR (95%CI) | 25% OR (95%CI) | ||
| Sex | |||
| Male | 0.69 (0.58–0.81) | 0.59 (0.45–0.76) | |
| Age | 1.02 (1.01–1.03) | 1.01 (1.01–1.01) | |
| Education (8+ years) | |||
| Did not study | 0.65 (0.50–0.85) | 0.64 (0.45–0.91) | |
| 1–3 years | 0.71 (0.57–0.89) | 0.75 (0.59–0.96) | |
| 4–7 years | 0.79 (0.67–0.93) | 0.82 (0.65–1.04) | |
| Wealth score | 0.95 (0.92–0.98) | 0.96 (0.90–1.01) | |
| Proportion of older adults in the household | 1.01 (1.00–1.01) | 1.01 (1.00–1.01) | |
| Multimorbidity | |||
| Yes | 1.95 (1.67–2.28) | 1.40 (1.11–1.76) | |
| Functional limitation | |||
| Yes | 2.06 (1.79–2.37) | 2.04 (1.62–2.56) | |
| Private health insurance | |||
| Yes | 1.28 (1.07–1.53) | 1.40 (1.11–1.76) | |
p < 0.001
p < 0.01
p < 0.05
FigureAdjusted probability of catastrophic health expenditure among older adults with and without multimorbidity according to the wealth score (Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging), 2015–2016. (a) Adjusted probabilities of catastrophic expenditure among older adults with and without multimorbidity according to wealth score for each cutoff point. (b) Differences between the probabilities of catastrophic expenditure among older adults with and without multimorbidity according to wealth score for each cut-off point.
Características sociodemográficas e de saúde dos participantes da pesquisa (Estudo Longitudinal da Saúde dos Idosos Brasileiros), 2015–2016
| Variáveis | % | IC95% | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sexo | |||
| Feminino | 54,0 | 51,1–56,9 | |
| Masculino | 46,0 | 43,1–48,9 | |
| Faixa etária (anos) | |||
| 50–59 | 46,9 | 42,6–51,3 | |
| 60–69 | 30,0 | 28,1–31,9 | |
| 70–79 | 15,8 | 14,0–17,8 | |
| 80+ | 7,3 | 6,0–8,8 | |
| Estado civil | |||
| Sem relação marital | 36,8 | 33,9–39,8 | |
| Com relação marital | 63,2 | 60,2–66,1 | |
| Escolaridade | |||
| Não estudou | 12,3 | 10,0–14,9 | |
| 1–3 anos | 18,7 | 17,1–20,4 | |
| 4–7 anos | 31,6 | 29,1–34,2 | |
| 8+ anos | 37,4 | 34,6–40,4 | |
| Proporção de idosos no domicílio | 70,7 | 69,2–72,2 | |
| Multimorbidade | |||
| Não | 36,8 | 34,6–39,1 | |
| Sim | 63,2 | 60,9–65,4 | |
| Medicamentos (média) | 2,2 | 2,1–2,3 | |
| Limitação funcional | |||
| Não | 84,4 | 83,0–85,7 | |
| Sim | 15,6 | 14,3–17,0 | |
| Plano | |||
| Não | 74,1 | 1,4–76,7 | |
| Sim | 25,9 | 23,3–28,6 | |
| Gasto catastrófico em saúde | |||
| Ponto de corte de 10% | 17,9 | 16,4–19,5 | |
| Ponto de corte de 25% | 7,5 | 6,6–8,4 | |
Proporção média das despesas de saúde em relação ao desembolso direto de adultos mais velhos no Brasil (Estudo Longitudinal da Saúde dos Idosos Brasileiros), 2015–2016.
| Despesas | Desembolso direto | |
|---|---|---|
| % | IC95% | |
| Medicamento | 65,1 | 63,0–67,3 |
| Dentista | 12,2 | 10,7–13,7 |
| Consulta médica | 11,1 | 9,8–12,4 |
| Exames | 8,7 | 7,5–10,0 |
| Fisioterapeuta | 1,4 | 1,0–1,7 |
| Cuidador | 0,8 | 0,4–1,2 |
| Internação | 0,5 | 0,3–0,7 |
| Psicólogo | 0,5 | 0,3–0,6 |
| Nutricionista | 0,2 | 0,1–0,3 |
| Terapeuta ocupacional | 0,0 | 0,0–0,07 |
| Fonoaudiólogo | 0,0 | 0,0–0,1 |
Análises univariadas entre o gasto catastrófico e variáveis independentes (Estudo Longitudinal da Saúde dos Idosos Brasileiros), 2015–2016.
| Variáveis | Gasto catastrófico | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| ≥ 10% OR (IC 95%) | ≥ 25% OR (IC 95%) | ||
| Sexo (ref. | |||
| Masculino | 0,59 (0,51–0,70) | 0,53 (0,42–0,68) | |
| Idade (anos) | 1,03 (1,02–1,04) | 1,02 (1,01–1,04) | |
| Relação marital (ref. | |||
| Sim | 0,73 (0,64–0,82) | 0,63 (0,51–0,77) | |
| Anos de estudo | 0,99 (0,98–1,01) | 1,00 (0,98–1,02) | |
| Escore de riqueza (ref. | |||
| 2º quintil | 1,28 (1,02–1.60) | 1,36 (1,03–1,79) | |
| 3º quintil | 1,16 (0,93–1,43) | 1,09 (0,81–1,46) | |
| 4º quintil | 0,94 (0,72–1,23) | 0,89 (0,63–1,24) | |
| 5º quintil (mais ricos) | 0,92 (0,69–1,23) | 1,04 (0,72–1,49) | |
| Proporção de idosos no domicílio | 1,01 (1,01–1,01) | 1,01 (1,00–1,01) | |
| Atividade física (ref. | |||
| Sim | 0,79 (0,67–0,93) | 0,84 (0,68–1,04) | |
| Multimorbidade (ref. | |||
| Sim | 2,45 (2,11–2,84) | 1,83 (1,47–2,28) | |
| Nº de medicamentos | 1,34 (1,30–1,39) | 1,27 (1,22–1,32) | |
| Limitação funcional (ref. | |||
| Sim | 2,45 (2,15–2.78) | 2,26 (1,78–2,87) | |
| Plano de saúde (ref. | |||
| Sim | 1,36 (1,15–1,60) | 1,49 (1,17–1,88) | |
ref.: categoria de referçncia
p < 0,001
p < 0,05
p < 0,01
Modelo múltiplo de regressão logística para os fatores associados ao gasto catastrófico em saúde (Estudo Longitudinal da Saúde dos Idosos Brasileiros), 2015–2016.
| Variáveis | Gasto catastrófico | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 10% OR (IC 95%) | 25% OR (IC 95%) | ||
| Sexo | |||
| Masculino | 0,69 (0,58–0,81) | 0,59 (0,45–0,76) | |
| Idade | 1,02 (1,01–1,03) | 1,02 (1,01–1,03) | |
| Escolaridade (8+ anos) | |||
| Não estudou | 0,65 (0,50–0,85)b | 0,64 (0,45–0,91) | |
| 1–3 anos | 0,71 (0,57–0,89) | 0,75 (0,59–0,96) | |
| 4–7 anos | 0,79 (0,67–0,93) | 0,82 (0,65–1,04) | |
| Escore de riqueza | 0,95 (0,92–0,98) | 0,96 (0,90–1,01) | |
| Proporção de idosos no domicílio | 1,01 (1,00–1,01) | 1,01 (1,00–1,01) | |
| Multimorbidade | |||
| Sim | 1,95 (1,67–2,28) | 1,40 (1,11–1,76) | |
| Limitação funcional | |||
| Sim | 2,06 (1,79–2,37)a | 2,04 (1,62–2,56) | |
| Plano de saúde | |||
| Sim | 1,28 (1,07–1,53) | 1,42 (1,11–1,82) | |
p < 0,001
p < 0,01
p < 0,05
FiguraProbabilidades ajustadas de gasto catastrófico em saúde entre adultos mais velhos com e sem multimorbidade de acordo com escore de riqueza (Estudo Longitudinal da Saúde dos Idosos Brasileiros), 2015–2016.