Kathleen G Dobson1, Simone N Vigod2, Cameron Mustard1, Peter M Smith3. 1. Department of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, and the Institute for Work and Health, Toronto, Canada. 2. Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, and Women's College Hospital and Research Institute, Toronto, Canada. 3. Department of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, the Institute for Work and Health, Toronto, Canada, and the Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Understanding the prevalence of major depressive episodes (MDEs) and anxiety disorders at the population level among different labour force segments is critical to assessing and planning equitable mental health policies for Canadians adults. This study quantified prevalence trends of annually reported MDEs, anxiety disorders, and comorbid MDEs and anxiety disorders among working-age Canadians by labour force status, between 2000 and 2016. DATA AND METHODS: This study used multiple cycles of the Canadian Community Health Survey. MDE prevalence was assessed using variants of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Anxiety disorder prevalence captured the presence of an anxiety disorder diagnosed by a healthcare professional. Prevalence estimates were calculated in each survey cycle for three labour force groups: employed, unemployed and not participating in the labour force. A meta-analytic framework stratified by labour force status estimated prevalence trends. RESULTS: Between 2000 and 2016, MDE prevalence remained statistically stable over time at 5.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.7% to 6.0%), 11.7% (95% CI: 10.4% to 13.0%) and 9.8% (95% CI: 8.5% to 11.2%) among participants who were employed, unemployed, and not participating in the labour force, respectively. Anxiety prevalence ranged from 4.6% to 10.8%, and increased over time (employed: β=0.26%/year, 95% CI: 0.08% to 0.45%; unemployed: β=0.34%/year, 95% CI: -0.10% to 0.78%; not participating in the labour force: β=0.55%/year, 95% CI: 0.15% to 0.95%). Stable comorbid MDE and anxiety prevalence ranged from 1.2% to 4.1% between 2003 and 2016. DISCUSSION: Trends suggest that MDE prevalence has remained stable among all labour force groups since 2000, while anxiety disorder prevalence has modestly increased since 2003. Disorder prevalence increased as labour force attachment decreased across all outcomes studied.
BACKGROUND: Understanding the prevalence of major depressive episodes (MDEs) and anxiety disorders at the population level among different labour force segments is critical to assessing and planning equitable mental health policies for Canadians adults. This study quantified prevalence trends of annually reported MDEs, anxiety disorders, and comorbid MDEs and anxiety disorders among working-age Canadians by labour force status, between 2000 and 2016. DATA AND METHODS: This study used multiple cycles of the Canadian Community Health Survey. MDE prevalence was assessed using variants of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Anxiety disorder prevalence captured the presence of an anxiety disorder diagnosed by a healthcare professional. Prevalence estimates were calculated in each survey cycle for three labour force groups: employed, unemployed and not participating in the labour force. A meta-analytic framework stratified by labour force status estimated prevalence trends. RESULTS: Between 2000 and 2016, MDE prevalence remained statistically stable over time at 5.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.7% to 6.0%), 11.7% (95% CI: 10.4% to 13.0%) and 9.8% (95% CI: 8.5% to 11.2%) among participants who were employed, unemployed, and not participating in the labour force, respectively. Anxiety prevalence ranged from 4.6% to 10.8%, and increased over time (employed: β=0.26%/year, 95% CI: 0.08% to 0.45%; unemployed: β=0.34%/year, 95% CI: -0.10% to 0.78%; not participating in the labour force: β=0.55%/year, 95% CI: 0.15% to 0.95%). Stable comorbid MDE and anxiety prevalence ranged from 1.2% to 4.1% between 2003 and 2016. DISCUSSION: Trends suggest that MDE prevalence has remained stable among all labour force groups since 2000, while anxiety disorder prevalence has modestly increased since 2003. Disorder prevalence increased as labour force attachment decreased across all outcomes studied.
Authors: Mateusz Kowalczyk; Michał Seweryn Karbownik; Edward Kowalczyk; Monika Sienkiewicz; Monika Talarowska Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2021-11-17 Impact factor: 3.390
Authors: Andrew D Pinto; Ayu P Hapsari; Julia Ho; Christopher Meaney; Lisa Avery; Nadha Hassen; Arif Jetha; A Morgan Lay; Michael Rotondi; Daniyal Zuberi Journal: CMAJ Open Date: 2022-06-14