Shingo Hatakeyama1, Sei Naito2, Kazuyuki Numakura3, Renpei Kato4, Tomoyuki Koguchi5, Takahiro Kojima6, Yoshihide Kawasaki7, Shuya Kandori6, Sadafumi Kawamura8, Eiki Tsushima9, Hiroyuki Nishiyama6, Akihiro Ito7, Yoshiyuki Kojima5, Tomonori Habuchi3, Wataru Obara4, Norihiko Tsuchiya2, Chikara Ohyama1. 1. Department of Urology and Advanced Blood Purification Therapy, Hirosaki University Graduate of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan. 2. Department of Urology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Yamagata, Japan. 3. Department of Urology, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita, Akita, Japan. 4. Department of Urology, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Morioka, Iwate, Japan. 5. Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Fukushima, Japan. 6. Department of Urology, University of Tsukuba Graduate School of Medicine, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. 7. Department of Urology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan. 8. Department of Urology, Miyagi Cancer Center, Natori, Miyagi, Japan. 9. Department of Physical Therapy, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To compare overall survival between patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated by cytoreductive nephrectomy and those not treated by cytoreductive nephrectomy. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated 278 patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with first-line tyrosine kinase inhibitors between January 2008 and November 2019. Patients were divided into two groups: a cytoreductive nephrectomy group (immediate or deferred cytoreductive nephrectomy) and a group who received systemic tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapies alone without cytoreductive nephrectomy (control group). Overall survival comparisons were made in all patients in the control versus the cytoreductive nephrectomy group, the control versus the immediate cytoreductive nephrectomy group, the control versus the deferred cytoreductive nephrectomy group, and the deferred cytoreductive nephrectomy versus the immediate cytoreductive nephrectomy group. Analyses were weighted using the propensity score-based inverse probability of treatment weighting method to adjust for group imbalances. RESULTS: The median (range) age of the patients was 65 (59-73) years. Of the 278 patients, 132 and 146 were in the control group and the cytoreductive nephrectomy (immediate, n = 107 and deferred, n = 39) group, respectively. A significant difference was noted between the control and cytoreductive nephrectomy groups in age, clinical stage, International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium risk factors, and the number of metastatic sites. Inverse probability of treatment weighting-adjusted Cox regression analysis showed a significant difference in overall survival between the control and the cytoreductive nephrectomy groups and between the control and the immediate or deferred cytoreductive nephrectomy groups. However, there was no significant difference in overall survival between the immediate and the deferred cytoreductive nephrectomy groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients undergoing cytoreductive nephrectomy are more likely to have longer overall survival than those who receive tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy only.
OBJECTIVES: To compare overall survival between patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated by cytoreductive nephrectomy and those not treated by cytoreductive nephrectomy. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated 278 patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with first-line tyrosine kinase inhibitors between January 2008 and November 2019. Patients were divided into two groups: a cytoreductive nephrectomy group (immediate or deferred cytoreductive nephrectomy) and a group who received systemic tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapies alone without cytoreductive nephrectomy (control group). Overall survival comparisons were made in all patients in the control versus the cytoreductive nephrectomy group, the control versus the immediate cytoreductive nephrectomy group, the control versus the deferred cytoreductive nephrectomy group, and the deferred cytoreductive nephrectomy versus the immediate cytoreductive nephrectomy group. Analyses were weighted using the propensity score-based inverse probability of treatment weighting method to adjust for group imbalances. RESULTS: The median (range) age of the patients was 65 (59-73) years. Of the 278 patients, 132 and 146 were in the control group and the cytoreductive nephrectomy (immediate, n = 107 and deferred, n = 39) group, respectively. A significant difference was noted between the control and cytoreductive nephrectomy groups in age, clinical stage, International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium risk factors, and the number of metastatic sites. Inverse probability of treatment weighting-adjusted Cox regression analysis showed a significant difference in overall survival between the control and the cytoreductive nephrectomy groups and between the control and the immediate or deferred cytoreductive nephrectomy groups. However, there was no significant difference in overall survival between the immediate and the deferred cytoreductive nephrectomy groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that metastatic renal cell carcinomapatients undergoing cytoreductive nephrectomy are more likely to have longer overall survival than those who receive tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy only.