Yujie Bao1, Yun Ling2, Ying-Ying Chen3, Di Tian2, Guo-Ping Zhao4, Xiang-Hui Zhang5, Hang Hong5, Yu Li5, Bing Su3, Hong-Zhou Lu6, Jie Xu7, Ying Wang8. 1. Department of Infectious disease, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China. 2. Department of Infectious Disease, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai 201052, China. 3. Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China. 4. Bio-Med Big Data Center, Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China. 5. WuXi Diagnostics Lab (Shanghai) Co., Shanghai 200125, China. 6. Department of Infectious Disease, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai 201052, China. Electronic address: luhongzhou@fudan.edu.cn. 7. Department of Infectious disease, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China. Electronic address: xujie@shsmu.edu.cn. 8. Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China. Electronic address: ywang@sibs.ac.cn.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: This study intended to investigate the dynamics of anti-spike (S) IgG and IgM antibodies in COVID-19 patients. METHODS: Anti-S IgG/IgM were determined by a semi-quantitative fluorescence immunoassay in the plasma of COVID-19 patients at the manifestation and rehabilitation stages. The immunoreactivity to full-length S proteins,C-terminal domain (CTD) andN-terminal domain (NTD)of S1fragment were determined by an ELISA assay. Clinical properties at admission and discharge were collected simultaneously. RESULTS: The positive rates of anti-S IgG/IgM in COVID-19 patients were elevated after rehabilitation when compared to the in-patients. Anti-S IgG and IgM were not apparent until day 14 and day 10 respectively according to Simple Moving Average analysis with 5 days' slide window deduction. More than 90% of the rehabilitation patients exhibited IgG and IgM responses targeting CTD-S1 fragments. There exhibited the decrease in peripheral total lymphocytes, CD4+ and CD8+ T cell counts in COVID-19 patients at admission and recovered after therehabilitation. CONCLUSIONS: Anti-S IgG and IgM do not appear at the onset with the decrease in T cells, making early serological screening less significant. However, the presence of high IgG and IgM to S1-CTD in the recovered patients highlights humoral responses after SARS-CoV-2 infection, which might be associated with efficient immune protection in COVID-19 patients.
OBJECTIVES: This study intended to investigate the dynamics of anti-spike (S) IgG and IgM antibodies in COVID-19patients. METHODS: Anti-S IgG/IgM were determined by a semi-quantitative fluorescence immunoassay in the plasma of COVID-19patients at the manifestation and rehabilitation stages. The immunoreactivity to full-length S proteins,C-terminal domain (CTD) andN-terminal domain (NTD)of S1fragment were determined by an ELISA assay. Clinical properties at admission and discharge were collected simultaneously. RESULTS: The positive rates of anti-S IgG/IgM in COVID-19patients were elevated after rehabilitation when compared to the in-patients. Anti-S IgG and IgM were not apparent until day 14 and day 10 respectively according to Simple Moving Average analysis with 5 days' slide window deduction. More than 90% of the rehabilitation patients exhibited IgG and IgM responses targeting CTD-S1 fragments. There exhibited the decrease in peripheral total lymphocytes, CD4+ and CD8+ T cell counts in COVID-19patients at admission and recovered after therehabilitation. CONCLUSIONS: Anti-S IgG and IgM do not appear at the onset with the decrease in T cells, making early serological screening less significant. However, the presence of high IgG and IgM to S1-CTD in the recovered patients highlights humoral responses after SARS-CoV-2 infection, which might be associated with efficient immune protection in COVID-19patients.
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