De-Cui Zhou1, Guo Zheng2, Li-Ying Jia3, Xin He4, Chun-Feng Zhang5, Chong-Zhi Wang6, Chun-Su Yuan7. 1. School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China. Electronic address: 2356914279@qq.com. 2. School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China. Electronic address: 545234511@qq.com. 3. School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China. Electronic address: 2399187823@qq.com. 4. Tang Center of Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA. Electronic address: xhe06@qub.ac.uk. 5. School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China; Tang Center of Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA. Electronic address: zhangchunfeng67@163.com. 6. Tang Center of Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA. Electronic address: cwang@dacc.uchicago.edu. 7. Tang Center of Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA. Electronic address: cyuan@dacc.uchicago.edu.
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Genkwa flos, as a traditional herb, is the dried flower buds of Daphne genkwa Sieb.et Zucc. It is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of cough, sore throats, edema. AIM OF THE STUDY: The study aimed to explore a new mathematical method for multivariate evaluation, investigate the anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic activities of flavonoids in Daphne Genkwa under ex vivo conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The flavonoids monomers in Daphne Genkwa were separated by preparative liquid chromatography and identified by HPLC-ESI-ITMS. An in vitro inflammatory model of macrophage RAW264.7 induced by LPS and an angiogenesis model of human umbilical vein endothelial cells induced by TNF-α were established. Flavonoids were extracted and prepared for intervention to detect the amount of secretion after drug intervention to reflect the anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic activities of each component. In addition, a new mathematical method, which combined principal component analysis and efficacy coefficient method, was adopted in pharmacodynamic evaluation. RESULTS: Fourteen flavonoids monomers were separated by preparative liquid chromatography and identified by HPLC-ESI-ITMS including H1 (hydroxygenkwanin-5-O-β-D-glucoside), H2 (apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucoside), H3 (kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucoside), H4 (hydroxygenkwanin-5-O-β-D-primeveroside), H5 (apigenin-5-O-β-D-primeveroside), H6 (apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucuronide), H7 (luteolin-5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside), H8 (genkwain-5-O-β-D- glucoside), H9 (luteolin), H10 (Daphnodorin G), H11 (tiliroside), H12 (apigenin), H13 (3'- hydroxygenkwain) and H14 (genkwanin). We found that most of flavonoids down-regulated VCAM and MMP-3, while H1, H8, H9, H14 reduced VEGF and ICAM was only decreased by H14. CONCLUSION: Genkwanin may be the most active anti-rheumatoid arthritis flavonoids in Daphne genkwa. Meanwhile, the new mathematical method used in the study provided a new direction for solving the problem of multi-index pharmacodynamic evaluation.
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Genkwa flos, as a traditional herb, is the dried flower buds of Daphne genkwa Sieb.et Zucc. It is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of cough, sore throats, edema. AIM OF THE STUDY: The study aimed to explore a new mathematical method for multivariate evaluation, investigate the anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic activities of flavonoids in Daphne Genkwa under ex vivo conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The flavonoids monomers in Daphne Genkwa were separated by preparative liquid chromatography and identified by HPLC-ESI-ITMS. An in vitro inflammatory model of macrophage RAW264.7 induced by LPS and an angiogenesis model of human umbilical vein endothelial cells induced by TNF-α were established. Flavonoids were extracted and prepared for intervention to detect the amount of secretion after drug intervention to reflect the anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic activities of each component. In addition, a new mathematical method, which combined principal component analysis and efficacy coefficient method, was adopted in pharmacodynamic evaluation. RESULTS: Fourteen flavonoids monomers were separated by preparative liquid chromatography and identified by HPLC-ESI-ITMS including H1 (hydroxygenkwanin-5-O-β-D-glucoside), H2 (apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucoside), H3 (kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucoside), H4 (hydroxygenkwanin-5-O-β-D-primeveroside), H5 (apigenin-5-O-β-D-primeveroside), H6 (apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucuronide), H7 (luteolin-5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside), H8 (genkwain-5-O-β-D- glucoside), H9 (luteolin), H10 (Daphnodorin G), H11 (tiliroside), H12 (apigenin), H13 (3'- hydroxygenkwain) and H14 (genkwanin). We found that most of flavonoids down-regulated VCAM and MMP-3, while H1, H8, H9, H14 reduced VEGF and ICAM was only decreased by H14. CONCLUSION:Genkwanin may be the most active anti-rheumatoid arthritis flavonoids in Daphne genkwa. Meanwhile, the new mathematical method used in the study provided a new direction for solving the problem of multi-index pharmacodynamic evaluation.