Olga de la Varga-Martínez1, Estefanía Gómez-Pesquera1, María Fe Muñoz-Moreno2, José Miguel Marcos-Vidal3, Amparo López-Gómez4, Frederic Rodenas-Gómez5, Fernando Ramasco6, Felisa Álvarez-Refojo7, Eduardo Tamayo8, Esther Gómez-Sánchez1. 1. Department of Anaesthesiology, Clinic University Hospital of Valladolid, Ramon y Cajal Ave. 3, 47003 Valladolid, Spain; BioCritic. Group for Biomedical Research in Critical care Medicine, Ramon y Cajal Ave. 7, 47005, Valladolid, Spain. 2. Unit of Research, Clinic University Hospital of Valladolid, Ramon y Cajal Ave. 3, 47003 Valladolid, Spain. 3. Department of Anaesthesiology, Hospital de León, University Hospital Complex, Altos de Nava, s/n, 24071 León, Spain. 4. Department of Anaesthesiology, Hospital Universitario y Politéctnico la Fe, Fernando Abril, Martorell, Ave. 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain. 5. Department of Anaesthesiology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Canyet Rd s/n, 08916, Badalona, Spain. 6. Department of Anaesthesiology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Diego de León st. 62, 28006 Madrid, Spain. 7. Department of Anaesthesiology, Complejo Universitario Hospitalario A Coruña, As Xubias st., 84, 15006, A Coruña, Spain. 8. Department of Anaesthesiology, Clinic University Hospital of Valladolid, Ramon y Cajal Ave. 3, 47003 Valladolid, Spain; BioCritic. Group for Biomedical Research in Critical care Medicine, Ramon y Cajal Ave. 7, 47005, Valladolid, Spain. Electronic address: tamayo@med.uva.es.
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate a delirium risk prediction preoperative model for patients undergoing cardiac surgery. DESIGN: Observational prospective multicentre study. SETTING: Six intensive care units in Spain. PATIENTS: 689 patients undergoing cardiac surgery consecutively, aged ≥18 years. MEASUREMENTS: The primary outcome measure was the development of delirium, diagnosed using the Confusion Assessment Method in Intensive Care Units (CAM-ICU), during the stay in the intensive care unit after cardiac surgery. MAIN RESULTS: The model was developed with 345 consecutive patients undergoing cardiac surgery at six hospitals and validated with another 344 patients from the same hospitals. The prediction model contained four preoperative risk factors: age over 65 years, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score of 25-26 points (possible impairment of cognitive function) or < 25 (impairment of cognitive function), insomnia needing medical treatment and low physical activity (walk less than 30 min a day). The model had an area under the receiver operating characteristics curve of 0.825 (95% confidence interval: 0.76-0.89). The validation resulted in an area under the curve of 0.79 (0.73-0.85) and the pooled area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (n = 689) was 0.81 (0.76-0.85). We stratified patients in groups of low (0%-20%), moderate (> 20%-40%), high (> 40%-60%) and very high (> 60%) risk of developing delirium, with a positive and negative predictive value for the very high risk group of 70.97% and 85.56%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The DELIPRECAS model (DELIrium PREvention CArdiac Surgery), consisting of four well-defined clinical risk factors, can predict in the preoperative period the risk of developing postoperative delirium in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. An automatic version of the risk calculator is available.
STUDY OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate a delirium risk prediction preoperative model for patients undergoing cardiac surgery. DESIGN: Observational prospective multicentre study. SETTING: Six intensive care units in Spain. PATIENTS: 689 patients undergoing cardiac surgery consecutively, aged ≥18 years. MEASUREMENTS: The primary outcome measure was the development of delirium, diagnosed using the Confusion Assessment Method in Intensive Care Units (CAM-ICU), during the stay in the intensive care unit after cardiac surgery. MAIN RESULTS: The model was developed with 345 consecutive patients undergoing cardiac surgery at six hospitals and validated with another 344 patients from the same hospitals. The prediction model contained four preoperative risk factors: age over 65 years, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score of 25-26 points (possible impairment of cognitive function) or < 25 (impairment of cognitive function), insomnia needing medical treatment and low physical activity (walk less than 30 min a day). The model had an area under the receiver operating characteristics curve of 0.825 (95% confidence interval: 0.76-0.89). The validation resulted in an area under the curve of 0.79 (0.73-0.85) and the pooled area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (n = 689) was 0.81 (0.76-0.85). We stratified patients in groups of low (0%-20%), moderate (> 20%-40%), high (> 40%-60%) and very high (> 60%) risk of developing delirium, with a positive and negative predictive value for the very high risk group of 70.97% and 85.56%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The DELIPRECAS model (DELIrium PREvention CArdiac Surgery), consisting of four well-defined clinical risk factors, can predict in the preoperative period the risk of developing postoperative delirium in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. An automatic version of the risk calculator is available.