Cooperation of Spaln and Prrn5 for Construction of Gene-Structure-Aware Multiple Sequence Alignment.

Gene-structure-aware multiple sequence alignment (GSA-MSA) is conventionally used as a tool for analyzing evolutionary changes in gene structure, i.e., gain and loss of introns during the course of evolution of homologous eukaryotic genes. Recently, however, it has become apparent that GSA-MSA is a powerful tool for detecting and remedying gene-prediction errors prevalent in genome annotations produced by various genome projects. Unfortunately, the construction of GSA-MSAs has so far required tedious procedures, thereby preventing researchers from enjoying the potential benefits of GSA-MSAs. In this chapter, we introduce a straightforward way for constructing GSA-MSAs when one or more genomic sequences and a set of transcript sequences (protein or full-length cDNAs/CDSs) are given. Our method requires no external tool or extra data, such as annotation files, although a supplementary script can generate a gene-structure-informed (GSI) transcript sequence file from annotation files.