Measuring Circadian Rhythms in Human Cells.

Human cells, especially primary fibroblasts from skin punch biopsy, have emerged over the last decade as powerful, unlimited, and easily accessible resources that bridge the gap between animal models and human subjects in basic as well as clinical research. The cells also retain molecular circadian clocks that reflect subject-specific differences in circadian physiology, and the cellular rhythms can be measured easily in large scale. This is a series of protocols that describes the procedure to measure circadian rhythms in these cells, starting from deriving fibroblasts from skin punch biopsy, to generation of stable cells expressing a circadian reporter, and finally measurement of cellular rhythms in large scale.