L De Baets1, T Matheve1, J Traxler2,3, Jws Vlaeyen2,3, A Timmermans1. 1. REVAL Rehabilitation Research, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium. 2. Health Psychology Research, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. 3. Experimental Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Frozen shoulder is a painful glenohumeral joint condition. Pain-related beliefs are recognized drivers of function in musculoskeletal conditions. This cross-sectional study investigates associations between pain-related beliefs and arm function in frozen shoulder. METHODS: Pain intensity, arm function (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire (DASH)), pain catastrophizing (Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS)), pain-related fear (Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK-11)) and pain self-efficacy (Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (PSEQ)) were administered in 85 persons with frozen shoulder. Correlation analyses assessed associations between pain-related beliefs and arm function. Regression analysis calculated the explained variance in arm function by pain-related beliefs. RESULTS: Pain-related fear, pain catastrophizing and pain self-efficacy were significantly associated with arm function (r = 0.51; r = 0.45 and r = -0.69, all p < .0001, respectively). Thirty-one percent of variance in arm function was explained by control variables, with pain intensity being the only significant one. After adding TSK-11, PCS and PSEQ scores to the model, 26% extra variance in arm function was explained, with significant contributions of pain intensity, pain-related fear and pain self-efficacy (R2 = 0.57). CONCLUSIONS: Attention should be paid towards the negative effect of pain-related fear on outcomes in frozen shoulder and towards building one's pain self-efficacy given its protective value in pain management.
BACKGROUND: Frozen shoulder is a painful glenohumeral joint condition. Pain-related beliefs are recognized drivers of function in musculoskeletal conditions. This cross-sectional study investigates associations between pain-related beliefs and arm function in frozen shoulder. METHODS: Pain intensity, arm function (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire (DASH)), pain catastrophizing (Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS)), pain-related fear (Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK-11)) and pain self-efficacy (Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (PSEQ)) were administered in 85 persons with frozen shoulder. Correlation analyses assessed associations between pain-related beliefs and arm function. Regression analysis calculated the explained variance in arm function by pain-related beliefs. RESULTS: Pain-related fear, pain catastrophizing and pain self-efficacy were significantly associated with arm function (r = 0.51; r = 0.45 and r = -0.69, all p < .0001, respectively). Thirty-one percent of variance in arm function was explained by control variables, with pain intensity being the only significant one. After adding TSK-11, PCS and PSEQ scores to the model, 26% extra variance in arm function was explained, with significant contributions of pain intensity, pain-related fear and pain self-efficacy (R2 = 0.57). CONCLUSIONS: Attention should be paid towards the negative effect of pain-related fear on outcomes in frozen shoulder and towards building one's pain self-efficacy given its protective value in pain management.
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