Electrolytes and Cardiovascular Disease Risk.

The relationship between sodium intake and blood pressure is a well-studied phenomenon; however, the impact of sodium intake on cardiovascular disease risk and mortality is controversial. Recent studies conclude that weak evidence exists to support sodium restriction for the prevention of cardiovascular mortality in normotensive and hypertensive adults, suggesting that sodium restriction may be an ineffective strategy for disease prevention. Further evidence points to the importance of balancing sodium and potassium intake, a balance commonly achieved with a healthier diet containing greater quantities of fruits and vegetables. The purpose of this article is to highlight dietary strategies that may prove to be more effective in reducing cardiovascular disease risk. Limitations of current methods used to estimate nutrient intake are described as they relate to this topic. Further research is needed to advance understanding of various aspects of dietary intake that are health protective and allow for the development of more effective public education strategies.