Executive summary for China Kidney Disease Network (CK-NET) 2016 Annual Data Report.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been recognized as a public health problem globally. The spectrum of CKD in China has been evolving toward that of developed countries, which will have enormous impacts on the health care system. However, there has been no well-established national surveillance system for kidney diseases. Furthermore, China still faces several challenges of kidney care, including limited capacity and efficiency, suboptimal awareness, and huge heterogeneity in diagnosis and treatment. The China Kidney Disease Network has published 2 reports regarding the burden of CKD and end-stage kidney disease in China and intends to become a comprehensive surveillance system for kidney diseases based on multisource data. With the expansion of research group and data sources, the content of the China Kidney Disease Network 2016 Annual Data Report was further enriched. Section I addresses the epidemiologic characteristics of patients with CKD based on a national inpatient database, Hospital Quality Monitoring System, covering more than 52% of China's tertiary hospitals in China in 2016. Section II focuses on the burden of patients receiving dialysis, mainly based on the nationwide claims database, China Health Insurance Research Association database, which collects data from approximately 2% of the insured population from the municipalities/provincial capital cities and approximately 5% from the prefecture-level cities. An independent chapter regarding dialysis in 3 provincial dialysis quality control centers has been added. The China Kidney Disease Network 2016 Annual Data Report symbolizes a successful team effort in the era of big data, with support from the specialists and partners of the collaborative network, which is of substantial value for understanding the burden of kidney diseases in China and developing prevention and control strategies.