Nasreddine El Omari1, Fatima Ezzahrae Guaouguaou2, Naoual El Menyiy3, Taoufiq Benali4, Tariq Aanniz5, Imane Chamkhi6, Abdelaali Balahbib7, Douae Taha8, Mohammad Ali Shariati9, Zenging Ghokhan10, Mohamed El-Shazly11, Abdelhakim Bouyahya12. 1. Laboratory of Histology, Embryology, and Cytogenetic, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco. Electronic address: nasrelomari@gmail.com. 2. Mohammed V University in Rabat, LPCMIO, Materials Science Center (MSC), Ecole Normale Supérieure, Rabat, Morocco. Electronic address: f.guaouguaou@gmail.com. 3. Laboratory of Physiology, Pharmacology & Environmental Health, Faculty of Science, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco. Electronic address: Nawal.ELMENYIY@usmba.ac.ma. 4. Laboratory of Natural Resources and Environment, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Taza, SidiMohamed Ben Abdellah University of Fez B.P.: 1223, Taza-Gare. Taza, Morocco. Electronic address: benali.taoufiq@gmail.com. 5. Medical Biotechnology Laboratory (MedBiotech), Rabat Medical & Pharmacy School, Mohammed V University in Rabat, 6203 Rabat, Morocco. Electronic address: tarik.aanniz@gmail.com. 6. Laboratory of Plant-Microbe Interactions, AgroBioSciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco. Electronic address: chamkhi.imane@gmail.com. 7. Laboratory of Zoology and General Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco. Electronic address: balahbib.abdo@gmail.com. 8. Laboratoire de Spectroscopie, Modélisation moléculaire, Matériaux, Nanomatériaux, Eau et Environnement, CERNE2D, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed V, Rabat. Electronic address: douae.taha02@gmail.com. 9. K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management (the First Cossack University), Moscow, Russian Federation. 10. Biochemistry and Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Campus, Konya, Turkey. Electronic address: biyologzengin@gmail.com. 11. Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, 11835, Egypt. Electronic address: mohamed.elshazly@pharma.asu.edu.eg. 12. Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, and Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco. Electronic address: boyahyaa-90@hotmail.fr.
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Pinus halepensis Mill., is a Mediterranean medicinal plant with numerous traditional applications such as anti-scarring, antiseptic, astringent, antifungal, and anti-tuberculosis. It is used against diarrhea, wounds, rheumatism, cough, gastrointestinal illnesses, hypertension, and hemorrhoids. AIM OF THE REVIEW: We critically summarized previous reports on the botanical, taxonomical, ecological, geographical distribution, phytochemical, and pharmacological results of P. halepensis Mill. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To gather data on P. halepensis Mill., different scientific search engines were consulted such as Google Scholar, Scopus, Wiley Online, Scifinder, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, PubMed. The collected data on P. halepensis Mill., were organized according to ethnomedicinal use, phytochemistry, and pharmacology. RESULTS: Ethnomedicinal studies indicated that P. halepensis Mill., is used as a protective remedy against respiratory and digestive disorders, arterial hypertension, microbial infections. These medicinal uses vary based on the part used and regions. The extracts and essential oils of P. halepensis Mill., demonstrated several biological effects including antimicrobial, antidiabetic anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, antiparasitic, and hepatoprotective. Traditional uses and biological effects of P. halepensis Mill., were attributed to the numerous molecules that belong to different chemical classes such as terpenoids, phenolic acids, flavonoids, fatty acids and steroids, aldehydes and ketones. CONCLUSIONS: In vitro and in vivo investigations of P. halepensis Mill., extracts and essential oils showed interesting pharmacological activities supporting the traditional use of this species. Previous reports indicated that P. halepensis Mill., extracts and their constituents exhibited potent antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, protective, anticoagulant, anti-hemolytic, and anti-inflammatory effects. Further investigation is needed to reveal the full biological spectra of P. halepensis Mill., extracts and essential oils (using in vivo models) and to validate their industrial applications as a food additive. However, in-depth studies are required to investigate the biological properties and molecular mechanisms of P. halepensis Mill., secondary metabolites in the management of diabetes mellitus and the prevention of the neurodegenerative disorders development such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Studies exploring pharmacological effects of P. halepensis Mill., bioactive components such as the antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antiparasitic drugs are required to validate the clinical use of these molecules. The safety of P. halepensis Mill., and its bioactive compounds should be also investigated by carrying out further pharmacokinetic and toxicological experiments.
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Pinus halepensis Mill., is a Mediterranean medicinal plant with numerous traditional applications such as anti-scarring, antiseptic, astringent, antifungal, and anti-tuberculosis. It is used against diarrhea, wounds, rheumatism, cough, gastrointestinal illnesses, hypertension, and hemorrhoids. AIM OF THE REVIEW: We critically summarized previous reports on the botanical, taxonomical, ecological, geographical distribution, phytochemical, and pharmacological results of P. halepensis Mill. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To gather data on P. halepensis Mill., different scientific search engines were consulted such as Google Scholar, Scopus, Wiley Online, Scifinder, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, PubMed. The collected data on P. halepensis Mill., were organized according to ethnomedicinal use, phytochemistry, and pharmacology. RESULTS: Ethnomedicinal studies indicated that P. halepensis Mill., is used as a protective remedy against respiratory and digestive disorders, arterial hypertension, microbial infections. These medicinal uses vary based on the part used and regions. The extracts and essential oils of P. halepensis Mill., demonstrated several biological effects including antimicrobial, antidiabetic anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, antiparasitic, and hepatoprotective. Traditional uses and biological effects of P. halepensis Mill., were attributed to the numerous molecules that belong to different chemical classes such as terpenoids, phenolic acids, flavonoids, fatty acids and steroids, aldehydes and ketones. CONCLUSIONS: In vitro and in vivo investigations of P. halepensis Mill., extracts and essential oils showed interesting pharmacological activities supporting the traditional use of this species. Previous reports indicated that P. halepensis Mill., extracts and their constituents exhibited potent antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, protective, anticoagulant, anti-hemolytic, and anti-inflammatory effects. Further investigation is needed to reveal the full biological spectra of P. halepensis Mill., extracts and essential oils (using in vivo models) and to validate their industrial applications as a food additive. However, in-depth studies are required to investigate the biological properties and molecular mechanisms of P. halepensis Mill., secondary metabolites in the management of diabetes mellitus and the prevention of the neurodegenerative disorders development such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Studies exploring pharmacological effects of P. halepensis Mill., bioactive components such as the antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antiparasitic drugs are required to validate the clinical use of these molecules. The safety of P. halepensis Mill., and its bioactive compounds should be also investigated by carrying out further pharmacokinetic and toxicological experiments.
Authors: Samy Selim; Mohammed S Almuhayawi; Mohanned T Alharbi; Soad K Al Jaouni; Afaf Alharthi; Basel A Abdel-Wahab; Mervat A R Ibrahim; Amnah Mohammed Alsuhaibani; Mona Warrad; Khaled Rashed Journal: Antioxidants (Basel) Date: 2022-05-09