OBJECTIVES: To determine the contributions of several animal and environmental sources of human campylobacteriosis and identify source-specific risk factors. METHODS: 1417 Campylobacter jejuni/coli isolates from the Netherlands in 2017-2019 were whole-genome sequenced, including isolates from human cases (n = 280), chickens/turkeys (n = 238), laying hens (n = 56), cattle (n = 158), veal calves (n = 49), sheep/goats (n = 111), pigs (n = 110), dogs/cats (n = 100), wild birds (n = 62), and surface water (n = 253). Questionnaire-based exposure data was collected. Source attribution was performed using core-genome multilocus sequence typing. Risk factors were determined on the attribution estimates. RESULTS: Cases were mostly attributed to chickens/turkeys (48.2%), dogs/cats (18.0%), cattle (12.1%), and surface water (8.5%). Of the associations identified, never consuming chicken, as well as frequent chicken consumption, and rarely washing hands after touching raw meat, were risk factors for chicken/turkey-attributable infections. Consuming unpasteurized milk or barbecued beef increased the risk for cattle-attributable infections. Risk factors for infections attributable to environmental sources were open water swimming, contact with dog faeces, and consuming non-chicken/turkey avian meat like game birds. CONCLUSIONS: Poultry and cattle are the main livestock sources of campylobacteriosis, while pets and surface water are important non-livestock sources. Foodborne transmission is only partially consistent with the attributions, as frequency and alternative pathways of exposure are significant.
OBJECTIVES: To determine the contributions of several animal and environmental sources of human campylobacteriosis and identify source-specific risk factors. METHODS: 1417 Campylobacter jejuni/coli isolates from the Netherlands in 2017-2019 were whole-genome sequenced, including isolates from human cases (n = 280), chickens/turkeys (n = 238), laying hens (n = 56), cattle (n = 158), veal calves (n = 49), sheep/goats (n = 111), pigs (n = 110), dogs/cats (n = 100), wild birds (n = 62), and surface water (n = 253). Questionnaire-based exposure data was collected. Source attribution was performed using core-genome multilocus sequence typing. Risk factors were determined on the attribution estimates. RESULTS: Cases were mostly attributed to chickens/turkeys (48.2%), dogs/cats (18.0%), cattle (12.1%), and surface water (8.5%). Of the associations identified, never consuming chicken, as well as frequent chicken consumption, and rarely washing hands after touching raw meat, were risk factors for chicken/turkey-attributable infections. Consuming unpasteurized milk or barbecued beef increased the risk for cattle-attributable infections. Risk factors for infections attributable to environmental sources were open water swimming, contact with dog faeces, and consuming non-chicken/turkey avian meat like game birds. CONCLUSIONS: Poultry and cattle are the main livestock sources of campylobacteriosis, while pets and surface water are important non-livestock sources. Foodborne transmission is only partially consistent with the attributions, as frequency and alternative pathways of exposure are significant.
Authors: Danielle M Cribb; Liana Varrone; Rhiannon L Wallace; Angus T McLure; James J Smith; Russell J Stafford; Dieter M Bulach; Linda A Selvey; Simon M Firestone; Nigel P French; Mary Valcanis; Emily J Fearnley; Timothy S Sloan-Gardner; Trudy Graham; Kathryn Glass; Martyn D Kirk Journal: BMC Infect Dis Date: 2022-06-30 Impact factor: 3.667
Authors: Pjotr S Middendorf; Wilma F Jacobs-Reitsma; Aldert L Zomer; Heidy M W den Besten; Tjakko Abee Journal: Front Microbiol Date: 2022-04-29 Impact factor: 6.064
Authors: Matthew R Goddard; Sarah O'Brien; Nicola Williams; Javier Guitian; Andrew Grant; Alison Cody; Frances Colles; Jean-Charles Buffet; Ella Adlen; Andrea Stephens; H Charles J Godfray; Martin C J Maiden Journal: Proc Biol Sci Date: 2022-06-15 Impact factor: 5.530
Authors: Lauren K Hudson; William E Andershock; Runan Yan; Mugdha Golwalkar; Nkuchia M M'ikanatha; Irving Nachamkin; Linda S Thomas; Christina Moore; Xiaorong Qian; Richard Steece; Katie N Garman; John R Dunn; Jasna Kovac; Thomas G Denes Journal: Microorganisms Date: 2021-11-05
Authors: Lapo Mughini-Gras; Elisa Benincà; Scott A McDonald; Aarieke de Jong; Jurgen Chardon; Eric Evers; Axel A Bonačić Marinović Journal: Zoonoses Public Health Date: 2022-03-10 Impact factor: 2.954