En bloc resection and reconstruction in patients with advanced recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma and radiation-induced sarcoma of the head and neck.

The purpose of this study was to assess the outcomes of patients with advanced recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (rNPC) and radiation-induced sarcoma of the head and neck (RISHN) who underwent en bloc resection and reconstruction. Fifty-two patients with advanced rNPC (n=36) and RISHN (n=16) underwent en bloc resection and reconstruction with an extended lower vertical trapezius island myocutaneous flap (TIMF). En bloc resection of the tumour (including craniomaxillofacial resections and neck resections) and major defect restoration was successful in all patients. TIMF survival was 92.3%. Postoperative mild hemiplegia occurred in one patient with rNPC. In total, 20 patients (55.5%) in the rNPC group and seven (43.8%) in the RISHN group recovered with no signs of disease at follow-up. No statistically significant difference in recovery status was observed between the rNPC and RISHN groups. En bloc resection of the tumour, including dissection of the carotid artery, ensured microscopic clearance of the disease; this is a viable treatment option for patients with advanced rNPC or RISHN without distant metastasis. The extended vertical lower TIMF is a large, straightforward, and reliable flap for repairing the resultant major defects in the craniomaxillofacial or neck region.