Jeong Ho Rho1, Il-Gyu Ko2, Jun-Jang Jin2, Lakkyong Hwang2, Sang-Hoon Kim2,3, Jun-Young Chung4, Tae-Jun Hwang5, Jin Hee Han6. 1. Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Okcheon St. Mary's Hospital, Okcheon, Korea. 2. Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea. 3. Department of Sport & Health Care, College of Art & Culture, Sangmyung University, Seoul, Korea. 4. Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea. 5. Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea. 6. Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Adenosine A2A receptor agonist polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) possesses an anti-inflammatory effect and suppress apoptotic cell death in several disorders. In this current study, the effect of PDRN on inflammation and apoptosis in rats with Achilles tendon injury was investigated. METHODS: von Frey filament test and plantar test were conducted for the determination of pain threshold. Analysis of histological alterations was conducted by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Immunohistochemistry for cleaved caspase-3-positive cells and cleaved caspase-9-positive cells was done. Enzyme-linked immunoassay was used to detect the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and cyclic adenosine-3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP). Western blot was conducted to detect the protein levels of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), protein kinase A (PKA), Bcl-2-associated X (Bax), and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2). RESULTS: PDRN treatment relieved mechanical allodynia and alleviated thermal hyperalgesia after Achilles tendon injury. TNF-α and IL-6 concentrations were decreased by PDRN application. PDRN injection significantly enhanced cAMP concentration and phosphorylated CREB versus CREB ratio, showing cAMP-PKA-CREB pathway was activated by PDRN application. PDRN treatment inhibited percentages of cleaved caspase-3-positive cells and caspase-9-posiive cells and the suppressed Bax versus Bcl-2 ratio in Achilles tendon injury rats. CONCLUSION: PDRN is probably believed to have a good effect on pain and inflammation in the urogenital organs. PDRN may be used as a new treatment for Achilles tendon injury.
PURPOSE:Adenosine A2A receptor agonist polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) possesses an anti-inflammatory effect and suppress apoptotic cell death in several disorders. In this current study, the effect of PDRN on inflammation and apoptosis in rats with Achilles tendon injury was investigated. METHODS: von Frey filament test and plantar test were conducted for the determination of pain threshold. Analysis of histological alterations was conducted by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Immunohistochemistry for cleaved caspase-3-positive cells and cleaved caspase-9-positive cells was done. Enzyme-linked immunoassay was used to detect the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and cyclic adenosine-3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP). Western blot was conducted to detect the protein levels of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), protein kinase A (PKA), Bcl-2-associated X (Bax), and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2). RESULTS:PDRN treatment relieved mechanical allodynia and alleviated thermal hyperalgesia after Achilles tendon injury. TNF-α and IL-6 concentrations were decreased by PDRN application. PDRN injection significantly enhanced cAMP concentration and phosphorylated CREB versus CREB ratio, showing cAMP-PKA-CREB pathway was activated by PDRN application. PDRN treatment inhibited percentages of cleaved caspase-3-positive cells and caspase-9-posiive cells and the suppressed Bax versus Bcl-2 ratio in Achilles tendon injuryrats. CONCLUSION:PDRN is probably believed to have a good effect on pain and inflammation in the urogenital organs. PDRN may be used as a new treatment for Achilles tendon injury.
Authors: Pietro Antonuccio; Antonio Girolamo Micali; Carmelo Romeo; Jose Freni; Giovanna Vermiglio; Domenico Puzzolo; Francesco Squadrito; Natasha Irrera; Herbert R Marini; Rosa Alba Rana; Giovanni Pallio; Letteria Minutoli Journal: Int J Mol Sci Date: 2021-01-28 Impact factor: 6.208
Authors: Jong Mok Park; Ju Hyun Shin; Seung Woo Yang; Ji Yong Lee; Chung Lyul Lee; Jae Sung Lim; Ki Hak Song; Gun Hwa Kim; Yong Gil Na Journal: Int Neurourol J Date: 2021-09-03 Impact factor: 2.835