Vitor Breda1, Luis Augusto Rohde2, Ana Maria Baptista Menezes3, Luciana Anselmi3, Arthur Caye4, Diego Luiz Rovaris5, Eduardo Schneider Vitola1, Claiton Henrique Dotto Bau6, Eugenio Horacio Grevet1. 1. ADHD Outpatient Program, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre; and Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. 2. Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; and National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, Brazil. 3. Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Brazil. 4. Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. 5. Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil. 6. ADHD Outpatient Program, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre; and Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Population studies have suggested that most adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) did not have the disorder in childhood, challenging the neurodevelopmental conceptualisation of ADHD. Arbitrary definitions of age at onset and lack of defined trajectories were accounted for the findings. AIMS: The objective of this study was to assess the proportion of individuals presenting with either a neurodevelopmental trajectory or late-onset disorder, and to assess risk factors associated with them. METHOD: Data of 4676 individuals from the 1993 Pelotas birth cohort at 11, 15, 18 and 22 years of age were used. Polythetic and latent class mixed model analyses were performed to define ADHD trajectories from childhood to adulthood, and characterise the neurodevelopmental or late-onset courses. Regression models were applied to assess factors associated with different trajectories. RESULTS: Classical polythetic analyses showed that 67% of those with ADHD at 22 years of age had a neurodevelopmental course of the disorder. Latent class mixed model analysis indicated that 78% of adults with ADHD had a trajectory of persistent symptoms, more common in males. The remaining adults with ADHD had an ascending symptom trajectory that occurred after puberty, with late-onset ADHD associated with female gender and higher IQ. CONCLUSIONS: Both polythetic and latent trajectories analyses provided empirical evidence supporting that the large majority of adults with ADHD had a neurodevelopmental disorder.
BACKGROUND: Population studies have suggested that most adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) did not have the disorder in childhood, challenging the neurodevelopmental conceptualisation of ADHD. Arbitrary definitions of age at onset and lack of defined trajectories were accounted for the findings. AIMS: The objective of this study was to assess the proportion of individuals presenting with either a neurodevelopmental trajectory or late-onset disorder, and to assess risk factors associated with them. METHOD: Data of 4676 individuals from the 1993 Pelotas birth cohort at 11, 15, 18 and 22 years of age were used. Polythetic and latent class mixed model analyses were performed to define ADHD trajectories from childhood to adulthood, and characterise the neurodevelopmental or late-onset courses. Regression models were applied to assess factors associated with different trajectories. RESULTS: Classical polythetic analyses showed that 67% of those with ADHD at 22 years of age had a neurodevelopmental course of the disorder. Latent class mixed model analysis indicated that 78% of adults with ADHD had a trajectory of persistent symptoms, more common in males. The remaining adults with ADHD had an ascending symptom trajectory that occurred after puberty, with late-onset ADHD associated with female gender and higher IQ. CONCLUSIONS: Both polythetic and latent trajectories analyses provided empirical evidence supporting that the large majority of adults with ADHD had a neurodevelopmental disorder.
Authors: Jan Buitelaar; Sven Bölte; Daniel Brandeis; Arthur Caye; Nina Christmann; Samuele Cortese; David Coghill; Stephen V Faraone; Barbara Franke; Markus Gleitz; Corina U Greven; Sandra Kooij; Douglas Teixeira Leffa; Nanda Rommelse; Jeffrey H Newcorn; Guilherme V Polanczyk; Luis Augusto Rohde; Emily Simonoff; Mark Stein; Benedetto Vitiello; Yanki Yazgan; Michael Roesler; Manfred Doepfner; Tobias Banaschewski Journal: Front Behav Neurosci Date: 2022-07-06 Impact factor: 3.617
Authors: Lucy Riglin; Robyn E Wootton; Lucy A Livingston; Jessica Agnew-Blais; Louise Arseneault; Rachel Blakey; Sharifah Shameem Agha; Kate Langley; Stephan Collishaw; Michael C O'Donovan; George Davey Smith; Evie Stergiakouli; Kate Tilling; Anita Thapar Journal: J Atten Disord Date: 2022-01-16 Impact factor: 3.196