Stefano Ministrini1,2, Federico Carbone2,3, Fabrizio Montecucco2,3. 1. Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy. 2. Department of Internal Medicine, First Clinic of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy. 3. IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa - Italian Cardiovascular Network, Genoa, Italy.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Atherosclerosis is recognized as a systemic low-grade inflammatory disease. Furthermore, the dysregulation of the inflammatory response and its timely resolution is a pivotal process in determining the clinical manifestations of cardiac and cerebral acute ischaemia following atherothrombosis. METHODS: This narrative review is based on the material searched on PubMed up to October 2020. The search terms we used were as follows: "atherosclerosis, inflammation, acute myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke" in combination with "biomarker, inflammatory cells and molecules, treatment." RESULTS: The expected goal of addressing inflammation for the treatment of atherosclerosis and its acute ischaemic complications is reducing mortality and morbidity related to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, which are currently the first cause of death and disability worldwide. In this narrative review, we summarize the evidence about the main cellular and molecular mechanisms of inflammation in atherogenesis, atherothrombosis and acute ischaemic complications, with particular focus on the potential molecular targets for novel pharmacological treatments. CONCLUSION: Although a large amount of evidence from animal models of atherothrombotic disease, and promising results of clinical trials, anti-inflammatory treatments against atherosclerosis are not yet recommended. A deepest understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the mechanisms driving resolution of the acute inflammation will probably allow to identify the optimal molecular target.
BACKGROUND: Atherosclerosis is recognized as a systemic low-grade inflammatory disease. Furthermore, the dysregulation of the inflammatory response and its timely resolution is a pivotal process in determining the clinical manifestations of cardiac and cerebral acute ischaemia following atherothrombosis. METHODS: This narrative review is based on the material searched on PubMed up to October 2020. The search terms we used were as follows: "atherosclerosis, inflammation, acute myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke" in combination with "biomarker, inflammatory cells and molecules, treatment." RESULTS: The expected goal of addressing inflammation for the treatment of atherosclerosis and its acute ischaemic complications is reducing mortality and morbidity related to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, which are currently the first cause of death and disability worldwide. In this narrative review, we summarize the evidence about the main cellular and molecular mechanisms of inflammation in atherogenesis, atherothrombosis and acute ischaemic complications, with particular focus on the potential molecular targets for novel pharmacological treatments. CONCLUSION: Although a large amount of evidence from animal models of atherothrombotic disease, and promising results of clinical trials, anti-inflammatory treatments against atherosclerosis are not yet recommended. A deepest understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the mechanisms driving resolution of the acute inflammation will probably allow to identify the optimal molecular target.
Authors: Yustina M Puspitasari; Stefano Ministrini; Lena Schwarz; Caroline Karch; Luca Liberale; Giovanni G Camici Journal: Front Cell Dev Biol Date: 2022-05-18
Authors: Tomasz Urbanowicz; Michał Michalak; Anna Olasińska-Wiśniewska; Michał Rodzki; Anna Witkowska; Aleksandra Gąsecka; Piotr Buczkowski; Bartłomiej Perek; Marek Jemielity Journal: Cells Date: 2022-03-26 Impact factor: 6.600
Authors: Luca Liberale; Nicole R Bonetti; Yustina M Puspitasari; Ana Vukolic; Alexander Akhmedov; Candela Diaz-Cañestro; Stephan Keller; Fabrizio Montecucco; Mario Merlini; Aurora Semerano; Giacomo Giacalone; Marco Bacigaluppi; Maria Sessa; Frank Ruschitzka; Thomas F Lüscher; Peter Libby; Jürg H Beer; Giovanni G Camici Journal: Eur J Clin Invest Date: 2021-06-02 Impact factor: 4.686