Michael C Riddell1, Zoey Li2, Roy W Beck2, Robin L Gal2, Peter G Jacobs3, Jessica R Castle3, Melanie B Gillingham3, Mark Clements4, Susana R Patton5, Eyal Dassau6, Francis J Doyle Iii6, Corby K Martin7, Peter Calhoun2, Michael R Rickels8. 1. School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Canada. 2. Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa, Florida, USA. 3. Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA. 4. Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri, USA. 5. Center for Healthcare Delivery Science, Nemours Children's Specialty Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA. 6. Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. 7. Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA. 8. Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Abstract
Objective: This study analysis was designed to examine the 24-h effects of exercise on glycemic control as measured by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). Methods: Individuals with type 1 diabetes (ages: 15-68 years; hemoglobin A1c: 7.5% ± 1.5% [mean ± standard deviation (SD)]) were randomly assigned to complete twice-weekly aerobic, high-intensity interval, or resistance-based exercise sessions in addition to their personal exercise sessions for a period of 4 weeks. Exercise was tracked with wearables and glucose concentrations assessed using CGM. An exercise day was defined as a 24-h period after the end of exercise, while a sedentary day was defined as any 24-h period with no recorded exercise ≥10 min long. Sedentary days start at least 24 h after the end of exercise. Results: Mean glucose was lower (150 ± 45 vs. 166 ± 49 mg/dL, P = 0.01), % time in range [70-180 mg/dL] higher (62% ± 23% vs. 56% ± 25%, P = 0.03), % time >180 mg/dL lower (28% ± 23% vs. 37% ± 26%, P = 0.01), and % time <70 mg/dL higher (9.3% ± 11.0% vs. 7.1% ± 9.1%, P = 0.04) on exercise days compared with sedentary days. Glucose variability and % time <54 mg/dL did not differ significantly between exercise and sedentary days. No significant differences in glucose control by exercise type were observed. Conclusion: Participants had lower 24-h mean glucose levels and a greater time in range on exercise days compared with sedentary days, with mode of exercise affecting glycemia similarly. In summary, this study offers data supporting frequency of exercise as a method of facilitating glucose control but does not suggest an effect for mode of exercise.
Objective: This study analysis was designed to examine the 24-h effects of exercise on glycemic control as measured by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). Methods: Individuals with type 1 diabetes (ages: 15-68 years; hemoglobin A1c: 7.5% ± 1.5% [mean ± standard deviation (SD)]) were randomly assigned to complete twice-weekly aerobic, high-intensity interval, or resistance-based exercise sessions in addition to their personal exercise sessions for a period of 4 weeks. Exercise was tracked with wearables and glucose concentrations assessed using CGM. An exercise day was defined as a 24-h period after the end of exercise, while a sedentary day was defined as any 24-h period with no recorded exercise ≥10 min long. Sedentary days start at least 24 h after the end of exercise. Results: Mean glucose was lower (150 ± 45 vs. 166 ± 49 mg/dL, P = 0.01), % time in range [70-180 mg/dL] higher (62% ± 23% vs. 56% ± 25%, P = 0.03), % time >180 mg/dL lower (28% ± 23% vs. 37% ± 26%, P = 0.01), and % time <70 mg/dL higher (9.3% ± 11.0% vs. 7.1% ± 9.1%, P = 0.04) on exercise days compared with sedentary days. Glucose variability and % time <54 mg/dL did not differ significantly between exercise and sedentary days. No significant differences in glucose control by exercise type were observed. Conclusion: Participants had lower 24-h mean glucose levels and a greater time in range on exercise days compared with sedentary days, with mode of exercise affecting glycemia similarly. In summary, this study offers data supporting frequency of exercise as a method of facilitating glucose control but does not suggest an effect for mode of exercise.
Entities:
Keywords:
Continuous glucose monitoring; Exercise; Time in range; Type 1 diabetes; hyperglycemia; hypoglycemia; physical activity
Authors: Stuart A Weinzimer; Lisa M Fucito; Garrett I Ash; Stephanie Griggs; Laura M Nally; Matthew Stults-Kolehmainen; Sangchoon Jeon; Cynthia Brandt; Barbara I Gulanski; Elias K Spanakis; Julien S Baker; Robin Whittemore Journal: JMIR Diabetes Date: 2021-07-08