Xi Zhou1, Dong Chen1, Lan Wang2, Yuanyuan Zhao1, Lai Wei1, Zhishui Chen3, Bo Yang1. 1. Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. 2. Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medicine College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. 3. Institute of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of the National Health Commission, the Ministry of Education and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) virus is still spreading, finding out the initial hits of viral infection is important to minimize the mild/moderate population, prevent disease aggravation and organs dysfunction. Objective: We investigated COVID-19 patients with different serum calcium levels. DESIGN: We checked the serum calcium level of the patients based on days after symptom onset as well as the severity of COVID-19. We also checkeed multi-organ injuries and immune cytokines level in their blood. RESULTS: Both mild/moderate and severe critical cases we observed showed low calcium level in the early stage of viral infection, while the severe/critical cases showed significant lower calcium level than mild/moderate cases in the early stage. We also found that low calcium level related to severe/critical multi-organ injuries especially in the mild/moderate population. Proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 also correlated to calcium change in both mild/moderate and severe/critical cases. CONCLUSIONS: Our finding indicates that calcium balance is a primal hit of COVID-19 and a biomarker of clinical severity at the beginning of symptom onset. Calcium is closely associated with virus-associated multiple organ injuryes and the increase of inflammatory cytokines. Our results provide a new, important indicator of COVID-19 patients from mild/moderate to severe/critical: serum calcium. Copyright 2020 The Author(s).
BACKGROUND:Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) virus is still spreading, finding out the initial hits of viral infection is important to minimize the mild/moderate population, prevent disease aggravation and organs dysfunction. Objective: We investigated COVID-19patients with different serum calcium levels. DESIGN: We checked the serum calcium level of the patients based on days after symptom onset as well as the severity of COVID-19. We also checkeed multi-organ injuries and immune cytokines level in their blood. RESULTS: Both mild/moderate and severe critical cases we observed showed low calcium level in the early stage of viral infection, while the severe/critical cases showed significant lower calcium level than mild/moderate cases in the early stage. We also found that low calcium level related to severe/critical multi-organ injuries especially in the mild/moderate population. Proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 also correlated to calcium change in both mild/moderate and severe/critical cases. CONCLUSIONS: Our finding indicates that calcium balance is a primal hit of COVID-19 and a biomarker of clinical severity at the beginning of symptom onset. Calcium is closely associated with virus-associated multiple organ injuryes and the increase of inflammatory cytokines. Our results provide a new, important indicator of COVID-19patients from mild/moderate to severe/critical: serum calcium. Copyright 2020 The Author(s).
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