Jarkko S Heiskanen1,2, Jussi A Hernesniemi3, Saku Ruohonen1,2,4, Nina Hutri-Kähönen5, Mika Kähönen6, Eero Jokinen7, Päivi Tossavainen8, Merja Kallio8, Tomi Laitinen9, Terho Lehtimäki10, Jorma Viikari11, Markus Juonala11, Jaakko Nevalainen12, Olli T Raitakari1,2,13. 1. Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland. 2. Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland. 3. Tays Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland. 4. Orion Pharma, Espoo, Finland. 5. Department of Paediatrics Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland. 6. Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland. 7. Department of Paediatric Cardiology, HUS New Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. 8. Department of Pediatrics, PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. 9. Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Finland. 10. Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland. 11. Department of Medicine, University of Turku and Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland. 12. Health Sciences Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland. 13. Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Increased left ventricular mass (LVM) predicts cardiovascular events and mortality. The objective of this study was to determine whether early-life exposures to body mass index (BMI) and systolic blood pressure (SPB) affects the left ventricular structure in adulthood. METHODS: We used longitudinal data from a 31-year follow-up to examine the associations between early-life (between ages 6-18) BMI and SPB on LVM in an adult population (N = 1864, aged 34-49). The burden of early-life BMI and SBP was defined as area under the curve. RESULTS: After accounting for contemporary adult determinants of LVM, early-life BMI burden associated significantly with LVM (3.61 g/SD increase in early-life BMI; [1.94 - 5.28], p < 0.001). Overweight in early-life (age- and sex-specific BMI values corresponding to adult BMI > 25 kg/m2) associated with 4.7% (2.5-6.9%, p < 0.0001) higher LVM regardless of BMI status in adulthood. Overweight in early-life combined with obesity in adulthood (BMI > 30kg/m2) resulted in a 21% (17.3-32.9%, p < 0.0001) increase in LVM. Higher early-life BMI was associated with a risk of developing eccentric hypertrophy. The burden of early-life SPB was not associated with adult LVM or left ventricular remodeling. CONCLUSIONS: High BMI in early-life confers a sustained effect on LVM and the risk for eccentric hypertrophy independently of adulthood risk factors. KEY MESSAGES Excess in BMI in early-life has an independent effect on LVM and the risk of developing eccentric hypertrophy regardless of overweight status in adulthood. Systolic blood pressure levels in early-life did not have an independent effect on LVM or LV remodeling. The clinical implication of this study is that primary prevention of obesity in early-life may prevent the development of high LVM and eccentric hypertrophy.
BACKGROUND: Increased left ventricular mass (LVM) predicts cardiovascular events and mortality. The objective of this study was to determine whether early-life exposures to body mass index (BMI) and systolic blood pressure (SPB) affects the left ventricular structure in adulthood. METHODS: We used longitudinal data from a 31-year follow-up to examine the associations between early-life (between ages 6-18) BMI and SPB on LVM in an adult population (N = 1864, aged 34-49). The burden of early-life BMI and SBP was defined as area under the curve. RESULTS: After accounting for contemporary adult determinants of LVM, early-life BMI burden associated significantly with LVM (3.61 g/SD increase in early-life BMI; [1.94 - 5.28], p < 0.001). Overweight in early-life (age- and sex-specific BMI values corresponding to adult BMI > 25 kg/m2) associated with 4.7% (2.5-6.9%, p < 0.0001) higher LVM regardless of BMI status in adulthood. Overweight in early-life combined with obesity in adulthood (BMI > 30kg/m2) resulted in a 21% (17.3-32.9%, p < 0.0001) increase in LVM. Higher early-life BMI was associated with a risk of developing eccentric hypertrophy. The burden of early-life SPB was not associated with adult LVM or left ventricular remodeling. CONCLUSIONS: High BMI in early-life confers a sustained effect on LVM and the risk for eccentric hypertrophy independently of adulthood risk factors. KEY MESSAGES Excess in BMI in early-life has an independent effect on LVM and the risk of developing eccentric hypertrophy regardless of overweight status in adulthood. Systolic blood pressure levels in early-life did not have an independent effect on LVM or LV remodeling. The clinical implication of this study is that primary prevention of obesity in early-life may prevent the development of high LVM and eccentric hypertrophy.
Entities:
Keywords:
Left ventricular mass; blood pressure; body mass index; epidemiology; risk factor
Authors: Saad A Alqahtani; Attafah M Omeish; Enas M Ghulam; Wael M Alsalim; Hatan J Momenkhan; Olga Vriz; Abdulhalim J Kinsara Journal: Cureus Date: 2022-08-30