Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Bilateral Communication between Glioblastoma and Astrocytes.

Glioblastoma the most aggressive form of brain cancer, comprises a complex mixture of tumor cells and nonmalignant stromal cells, including neurons, astrocytes, microglia, infiltrating monocytes/macrophages, lymphocytes, and other cell types. All nonmalignant cells within and surrounding the tumor are affected by the presence of glioblastoma. Astrocytes use multiple modes of communication to interact with neighboring cells. Extracellular vesicle-directed intercellular communication has been found to be an important component of signaling between astrocytes and glioblastoma in tumor progression. In this review, we focus on recent findings on extracellular vesicle-mediated bilateral crosstalk, between glioblastoma cells and astrocytes, highlighting the protumor and antitumor roles of astrocytes in glioblastoma development.