Jaime K Devine1, Lindsay P Schwartz2, Steven R Hursh3, Elizabeth Mosher4, Sarah Schumacher5, Lisa Boyle6, Jonathan E Davis7, Mark Smith4, Shimae Fitzgibbons8. 1. Institutes for Behavior Resources, Baltimore, Maryland. Electronic address: jdevine@ibrinc.org. 2. Institutes for Behavior Resources, Baltimore, Maryland. 3. Institutes for Behavior Resources, Baltimore, Maryland; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltmore Maryland. 4. MedStar Institutes for Innovation, Washington, DC. 5. Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC. 6. Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC. 7. Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC; MedStar Health Research Institute, Hyattsville, Maryland. 8. MedStar Health Research Institute, Hyattsville, Maryland.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To identify surgical resident and clinical rotation attributes which predict on-shift napping through objectively measured sleep patterns and work schedules over a 2-month period. DESIGN: In a cross-sectional study, participants provided schedules, completed the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and wore sleep-tracking devices (Zulu watch) continuously for 8 weeks. Multiple linear regression predicted percent days with on-shift napping from resident and rotation characteristics. SETTING: Greater Washington, DC area hospitals. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-two (n = 22) surgical residents rotating in at least 1 of 5 different clinical rotation categories. RESULTS: Residents slept 6 hours within a 24-hour period (370 ± 129 minutes) with normal sleep efficiency (sleep efficiency (SE): 87.13% ± 7.55%). Resident ESS scores indicated excessive daytime sleepiness (11.64 ± 4.03). Ninety-five percent (n = 21) of residents napped on-shift. Residents napped on-shift approximately 32% of their working days and were most likely to nap when working between 23:00 and 05:00 hours. Earlier shift start times predicted less on-shift napping (B = -0.08, SE = 0.04, β = -2.40, t = -2.09, p = 0.05) while working more night shifts (B = 1.55, SE = 0.44, β = 4.12, t = 3.52, p = 0.003) and shifts over 24 hours (B = 1.45, SE = 0.55, β = 1.96, t = 2.63, p = 0.01) predicted more frequent on-shift napping. CONCLUSIONS: Residents are taking advantage of opportunities to nap on-shift. Working at night seems to drive on-shift napping. However, residents still exhibit insufficient sleep and daytime sleepiness which could reduce competency and represent a safety risk to themselves and/or patients. These findings will help inform intervention strategies which are tailored to surgical residents using a biomathematical model of fatigue.
OBJECTIVE: To identify surgical resident and clinical rotation attributes which predict on-shift napping through objectively measured sleep patterns and work schedules over a 2-month period. DESIGN: In a cross-sectional study, participants provided schedules, completed the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and wore sleep-tracking devices (Zulu watch) continuously for 8 weeks. Multiple linear regression predicted percent days with on-shift napping from resident and rotation characteristics. SETTING: Greater Washington, DC area hospitals. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-two (n = 22) surgical residents rotating in at least 1 of 5 different clinical rotation categories. RESULTS: Residents slept 6 hours within a 24-hour period (370 ± 129 minutes) with normal sleep efficiency (sleep efficiency (SE): 87.13% ± 7.55%). Resident ESS scores indicated excessive daytime sleepiness (11.64 ± 4.03). Ninety-five percent (n = 21) of residents napped on-shift. Residents napped on-shift approximately 32% of their working days and were most likely to nap when working between 23:00 and 05:00 hours. Earlier shift start times predicted less on-shift napping (B = -0.08, SE = 0.04, β = -2.40, t = -2.09, p = 0.05) while working more night shifts (B = 1.55, SE = 0.44, β = 4.12, t = 3.52, p = 0.003) and shifts over 24 hours (B = 1.45, SE = 0.55, β = 1.96, t = 2.63, p = 0.01) predicted more frequent on-shift napping. CONCLUSIONS: Residents are taking advantage of opportunities to nap on-shift. Working at night seems to drive on-shift napping. However, residents still exhibit insufficient sleep and daytime sleepiness which could reduce competency and represent a safety risk to themselves and/or patients. These findings will help inform intervention strategies which are tailored to surgical residents using a biomathematical model of fatigue.