Phospholipid exchange between bilayer membranes.

The mode of interaction of aqueous dispersions of phospholipid vesicles is investigated. The vesicles (average diameter 950 A) are prepared from total lipid extracts of Escherichia coli composed of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin. One type of vesicle contains trans-delta 9-octadecenoate, the other type trans-delta 9-hexadecenoate as predominant acyl chain component. The vesicles show order in equilibrium disorder transitions at transition temperatures, Tt = 42 degrees C and Tt = 29 degrees C, respectively. A mixture of these vesicles is incubated at 45 degrees C and lipid transfer is studied as a function of time using the phase transition as an indicator. The system reveals the following properties: Lipids are transferred between the two vesicle types giving rise to a vesicle population where both lipid components are homogeneously mixed. Lipid transfer is asymmetric, i.e. trans-delta 9-hexadecenoate-containing lipid molecules appear more rapidly in the trans-delta 9-octadecenoate-containing vesicles than vice versa. At a given molar ratio of the two types of vesicles the rate of lipid transfer is independent of the total vesicle concentration. It is concluded that lipid exchange through the water phase by way of single molecules or micelles is the mode of communication of these negatively charged lipid vesicles.