Eunjung Park1, Jinsun Kim2, Byungmi Kim1, Eun Young Park3. 1. Division of Cancer Prevention & Early Detection, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea. 2. Division of TB and HIV/AIDS Control, Center for Disease Prevention, Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea. 3. Division of Cancer Prevention & Early Detection, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: goajoa@ncc.re.kr.
Abstract
AIM: We evaluated the associations between blood Cadmium (Cd) concentrations and risk of suspected NAFLD using nationally representative data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2008-2013, 2016 and 2017. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 12,099 adults for the serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and hepatic steatosis index (HSI) analyses and 2,904 adults for the serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and fatty liver index (FLI) analyses, without significant alcohol consumption. Blood Cd concentrations were measured by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Data were analyzed using survey logistic regression models. RESULTS: Odds ratios (ORs) of suspected NAFLD increased significantly per unit of natural log-transformed blood Cd concentration (OR [95% (CI)], for ALT, overall: 1.50 [1.34, 1.68], men: 1.64 [1.40, 2.10] and women: 1.29 [1.08, 1.47]; for GGT, overall: 1.77 [1.33, 2.35], men: 2.28 [1.53, 3.41] and women: 1.27 [0.82, 1.97]; for FLI, overall: 1.84 [1.32, 2.57], men: 1.91 [1.24, 2.94] and women: 1.58 [0.87, 2.86]; for HSI, overall: 1.19 [1.07, 1.32], men: 1.17 [1.01, 1.37] and women: 1.14 [0.99, 1.32]). The blood Cd concentrations associated with risk of suspected NAFLD were lower than those previously reported (for ALT, > 0.64 μg/L, for GGT, > 1.41 μg/L, for FLI, > 0.96 μg/L, and for HSI, > 1.41 μg/L). CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that the reference level of blood Cd should probably be lower than the previously recommended value to prevent adverse health effects due to Cd exposure.
AIM: We evaluated the associations between blood Cadmium (Cd) concentrations and risk of suspected NAFLD using nationally representative data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2008-2013, 2016 and 2017. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 12,099 adults for the serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and hepatic steatosis index (HSI) analyses and 2,904 adults for the serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and fatty liver index (FLI) analyses, without significant alcohol consumption. Blood Cd concentrations were measured by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Data were analyzed using survey logistic regression models. RESULTS: Odds ratios (ORs) of suspected NAFLD increased significantly per unit of natural log-transformed blood Cd concentration (OR [95% (CI)], for ALT, overall: 1.50 [1.34, 1.68], men: 1.64 [1.40, 2.10] and women: 1.29 [1.08, 1.47]; for GGT, overall: 1.77 [1.33, 2.35], men: 2.28 [1.53, 3.41] and women: 1.27 [0.82, 1.97]; for FLI, overall: 1.84 [1.32, 2.57], men: 1.91 [1.24, 2.94] and women: 1.58 [0.87, 2.86]; for HSI, overall: 1.19 [1.07, 1.32], men: 1.17 [1.01, 1.37] and women: 1.14 [0.99, 1.32]). The blood Cd concentrations associated with risk of suspected NAFLD were lower than those previously reported (for ALT, > 0.64 μg/L, for GGT, > 1.41 μg/L, for FLI, > 0.96 μg/L, and for HSI, > 1.41 μg/L). CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that the reference level of blood Cd should probably be lower than the previously recommended value to prevent adverse health effects due to Cd exposure.
Authors: Farzaneh Allahdinian Hesaruiyeh; Saeed Rajabi; Mohadeseh Motamed-Jahromi; Mohammad Sarhadi; Michelle L Bell; Razieh Khaksefidi; Somayeh Sarhadi; Leili Mohammadi; Kamal Dua; Amin Mohammadpour; Paolo Martelletti Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2022-07-26 Impact factor: 4.614