Seyed Farshad Allameh1, Saeed Nemati2, Reza Ghalehtaki3,4, Esmaeil Mohammadnejad5, Seyed Mojtaba Aghili6, Nasim Khajavirad7, Mohammad-Taghi Beigmohammadi8, Mohammadreza Salehi9, Hadi Mirfazaelian8, Maryam Edalatifard10,11, Hossein Kazemizadeh10,11, Seyed Ali Dehghan Manshadi9, Maliheh Hasannezhad9, Laya Amoozadeh8, Masoud Radnia7, Seyedeh Rana Khatami11, Azin Nahvijou2, Monireh Sadat Seyyedsalehi2, Laleh Rashidian12, Niloofar Ayoobi Yazdi13, Mohsen Nasiri Toosi14, Khosro Sadeghniiat-Haghighi15, Ali Jafarian14,16, Masud Yunesian17,18, Kazem Zendehdel2,19,20. 1. Gastroenterology Ward, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex (IKHC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2. Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 3. Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex (IKHC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 4. Radiation Oncology Research Center, Cancer Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 5. Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing and Basic Sciences, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 6. Department of Emergency Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex (IKHC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 7. Department of Internal Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex (IKHC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 8. Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex (IKHC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 9. Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex (IKHC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 10. Department of Pulmonology, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex (IKHC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 11. Thoracic Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 12. Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 13. Department of Radiology, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 14. Liver Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 15. Occupational Sleep Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 16. Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation Division, Department of General Surgery, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 17. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 18. Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran. 19. Cancer Biology Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 20. Breast Diseases Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: We studied the clinical characteristics and outcomes of 905 hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients admitted to Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex (IKHC), Tehran, Iran. METHODS: COVID-19 patients were recruited based on clinical symptoms and patterns of computed tomography (CT) imaging between February 20 and March 19. All patients were tested for the presence of COVID-19 RNA. The Poisson regression model estimated the incidence rate ratio (IRR) for different parameters. RESULTS: The average age (± standard deviation) was 56.9 (±15.7) years and 61.77% were male. The most common symptoms were fever (93.59%), dry cough (79.78%), and dyspnea (75.69%). Only 43.76% of patients were positive for the RT-PCR COVID-19 test. Prevalence of lymphopenia was 42.9% and more than 90% had elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) or C-reactive protein (CRP). About 11% were severe cases, and 13.7% died in the hospital. The median length of stay (LOS) was 3 days. We found higher risks of mortality in patients who were older than 70 years (IRR = 11.77, 95% CI 3.63-38.18), underwent mechanical ventilation (IRR = 7.36, 95% CI 5.06-10.7), were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) (IRR = 5.47, 95% CI 4.00-8.38), tested positive on the COVID-19 test (IRR = 2.80, 95% CI 1.64-3.55), and reported a history of comorbidity (IRR = 1.76, 95% CI 1.07-2.89) compared to their corresponding reference groups. Hydroxychloroquine therapy was not associated with mortality in our study. CONCLUSION: Older age, experiencing a severe form of the disease, and having a comorbidity were the most important prognostic factors for COVID-19 infection. Larger studies are needed to perform further subgroup analyses and verify high-risk groups.
BACKGROUND: We studied the clinical characteristics and outcomes of 905 hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients admitted to Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex (IKHC), Tehran, Iran. METHODS:COVID-19patients were recruited based on clinical symptoms and patterns of computed tomography (CT) imaging between February 20 and March 19. All patients were tested for the presence of COVID-19 RNA. The Poisson regression model estimated the incidence rate ratio (IRR) for different parameters. RESULTS: The average age (± standard deviation) was 56.9 (±15.7) years and 61.77% were male. The most common symptoms were fever (93.59%), dry cough (79.78%), and dyspnea (75.69%). Only 43.76% of patients were positive for the RT-PCR COVID-19 test. Prevalence of lymphopenia was 42.9% and more than 90% had elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) or C-reactive protein (CRP). About 11% were severe cases, and 13.7% died in the hospital. The median length of stay (LOS) was 3 days. We found higher risks of mortality in patients who were older than 70 years (IRR = 11.77, 95% CI 3.63-38.18), underwent mechanical ventilation (IRR = 7.36, 95% CI 5.06-10.7), were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) (IRR = 5.47, 95% CI 4.00-8.38), tested positive on the COVID-19 test (IRR = 2.80, 95% CI 1.64-3.55), and reported a history of comorbidity (IRR = 1.76, 95% CI 1.07-2.89) compared to their corresponding reference groups. Hydroxychloroquine therapy was not associated with mortality in our study. CONCLUSION: Older age, experiencing a severe form of the disease, and having a comorbidity were the most important prognostic factors for COVID-19infection. Larger studies are needed to perform further subgroup analyses and verify high-risk groups.
Authors: Tayfun Birtay; Suzan Bahadir; Ebru Kabacaoglu; Ozgur Yetiz; Mehmet Fatih Demirci; Gultekin Genctoy Journal: Ann Saudi Med Date: 2021-12-02 Impact factor: 1.707