Marta Araujo-Castro1,2, Pablo Valderrábano3,4, Héctor F Escobar-Morreale3,4,5,6, Felicia A Hanzu7, Gregori Casals8. 1. Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain. marta.araujo@salud.madrid.org. 2. Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain. marta.araujo@salud.madrid.org. 3. Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain. 4. Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain. 5. Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain. 6. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain. 7. Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain. 8. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain. casals@clinic.cat.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To review the literature assessing the diagnostic performance of urinary steroid profiling (USP) by high-performance liquid chromatography (LC-MS) or gas chromatography (GC) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) in the evaluation of adrenal lesions, both in terms of functionality and malignancy. RESULTS: The evaluation of adrenal incidentalomas (AI) aims to rule out malignancy and hormone excess. Current diagnostic protocols have several limitations and include time consuming and relatively complicated multi-step processes in most cases. On the contrary, USP by LC-MS/MS or LC-GC/MS offer an easy, comprehensive and non-invasive assessment of adrenal steroid secretion. USP complements current workups used in the evaluation of AIs by improving our ability to identify malignancy and/or autonomous hormone secretion. CONCLUSIONS: Urine steroid profiling by LC-MS/MS and GC-MS allows a thorough, non-invasive, assessment of adrenal steroidogenesis as a whole which complement the current evaluation of AIs, and holds a promising role in the diagnosis of autonomous cortisol secretion, primary aldosteronism, and adrenal malignancy.
PURPOSE: To review the literature assessing the diagnostic performance of urinary steroid profiling (USP) by high-performance liquid chromatography (LC-MS) or gas chromatography (GC) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) in the evaluation of adrenal lesions, both in terms of functionality and malignancy. RESULTS: The evaluation of adrenal incidentalomas (AI) aims to rule out malignancy and hormone excess. Current diagnostic protocols have several limitations and include time consuming and relatively complicated multi-step processes in most cases. On the contrary, USP by LC-MS/MS or LC-GC/MS offer an easy, comprehensive and non-invasive assessment of adrenal steroid secretion. USP complements current workups used in the evaluation of AIs by improving our ability to identify malignancy and/or autonomous hormone secretion. CONCLUSIONS: Urine steroid profiling by LC-MS/MS and GC-MS allows a thorough, non-invasive, assessment of adrenal steroidogenesis as a whole which complement the current evaluation of AIs, and holds a promising role in the diagnosis of autonomous cortisol secretion, primary aldosteronism, and adrenal malignancy.
Authors: Melvin M Grumbach; Beverly M K Biller; Glenn D Braunstein; Karen K Campbell; J Aidan Carney; Paul A Godley; Emily L Harris; Joseph K T Lee; Yolanda C Oertel; Mitchell C Posner; Janet A Schlechte; H Samuel Wieand Journal: Ann Intern Med Date: 2003-03-04 Impact factor: 25.391
Authors: Amir H Hamrahian; Adriana G Ioachimescu; Erick M Remer; Gaspar Motta-Ramirez; Hari Bogabathina; Howard S Levin; Sethu Reddy; Inderbir S Gill; Allan Siperstein; Emmanuel L Bravo Journal: J Clin Endocrinol Metab Date: 2004-11-30 Impact factor: 5.958
Authors: John W Funder; Robert M Carey; Franco Mantero; M Hassan Murad; Martin Reincke; Hirotaka Shibata; Michael Stowasser; William F Young Journal: J Clin Endocrinol Metab Date: 2016-03-02 Impact factor: 5.958
Authors: Marta Araujo-Castro; Miguel Paja Fano; Marga González Boillos; Begoña Pla Peris; Eider Pascual-Corrales; Ana María García Cano; Paola Parra Ramírez; Patricia Martín Rojas-Marcos; Jorge Gabriel Ruiz-Sanchez; Almudena Vicente Delgado; Emilia Gómez Hoyos; Rui Ferreira; Iñigo García Sanz; Mònica Recasens Sala; Rebeca Barahona San Millan; María José Picón César; Patricia Díaz Guardiola; Juan Jesús García González; Carolina M Perdomo; Laura Manjón Miguélez; Rogelio García Centeno; Juan Carlos Percovich; Ángel Rebollo Román; Paola Gracia Gimeno; Cristina Robles Lázaro; Manuel Morales-Ruiz; Felicia A Hanzu Journal: Endocrine Date: 2022-06-25 Impact factor: 3.925
Authors: Marta Araujo-Castro; César Mínguez Ojeda; María Noelia Sánchez Ramírez; Victoria Gómez Dos Santos; Eider Pascual-Corrrales; María Fernández-Argüeso Journal: Endocrine Date: 2022-06-25 Impact factor: 3.925
Authors: Marta Araujo-Castro; Ana García Cano; Lucía Jiménez Mendiguchía; Héctor F Escobar-Morreale; Pablo Valderrábano Journal: Sci Rep Date: 2021-10-15 Impact factor: 4.379
Authors: Marta Araujo-Castro; Paola Parra Ramírez; Cristina Robles Lázaro; Rogelio García Centeno; Paola Gracia Gimeno; Mariana Tomé Fernández-Ladreda; Miguel Antonio Sampedro Núñez; Mónica Marazuela; Héctor F Escobar-Morreale; Pablo Valderrabano Journal: J Clin Med Date: 2021-11-25 Impact factor: 4.241