Katrien Benhalima1, Anaïs De Landtsheer2, Paul Van Crombrugge3, Carolien Moyson2, Johan Verhaeghe4, Hilde Verlaenen5, Chris Vercammen6, Toon Maes6, Els Dufraimont7, Christophe De Block8, Yves Jacquemyn9, Annouschka Laenen10, Roland Devlieger4, Caro Minschart2, Chantal Mathieu2. 1. Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium. katrien.benhalima@uzleuven.be. 2. Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium. 3. Department of Endocrinology, OLV Ziekenhuis Aalst-Asse-Ninove, Moorselbaan 164, 9300, Aalst, Belgium. 4. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium. 5. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, OLV Ziekenhuis Aalst-Asse-Ninove, Moorselbaan 164, 9300, Aalst, Belgium. 6. Department of Endocrinology, Imelda ziekenhuis, Imeldalaan 9, 2820, Bonheiden, Belgium. 7. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Imelda ziekenhuis, Imeldalaan 9, 2820, Bonheiden, Belgium. 8. Department of Endocrinology-Diabetology-Metabolism, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2560, Edegem, Belgium. 9. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Antwerp University Hospital and Global Health Institute GHI Antwerp University, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650, Edegem, Belgium. 10. Center of Biostatics and Statistical Bioinformatics, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 35 Bloc d - Box 7001, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
Abstract
AIMS: To determine predictors of neonatal adiposity and differences in associations by fetal sex in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), normal-weight and overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) normal glucose-tolerant women (NGT). METHODS: Skinfold thickness was measured in 576 newborns, and cord blood leptin, c-peptide and lipids in 327 newborns in a multi-centric prospective cohort study. RESULTS: Compared to neonates of normal-weight NGT women (327), neonates of women with GDM (97) were more often large-for-gestational age (LGA) (16.5% vs 8.6%, p = 0.024) ,but the macrosomia rate (8.2% vs 5.8%, p = 0.388), sum of skinfolds (13.9 mm ± 2.9 vs 13.3 mm ± 2.6, p = 0.067), neonatal fat mass (1333.0 g ± 166.8 vs 1307.3 g ± 160.9, p = 0.356), and cord blood biomarkers were not significantly different. Compared to neonates of normal-weight NGT women, neonates of overweight NGT women (152) had higher rates of macrosomia (12.5% vs 5.8%, p = 0.012), LGA (17.1% vs 8.6%, p = 0.006), higher sum of skinfolds (14.3 mm ± 2.6 vs 13.2 mm ± 2.6, p < 0.001), neonatal fat mass (1386.0 g ± 168.6 vs 1307.3 g ± 160.9, p < 0.001), % neonatal fat mass > 90th percentile (15.2% vs 7.1%, p < 0.001), without significant differences in cord blood biomarkers. Maternal BMI, fasting glycemia, triglycerides, gestational weight gain, cord blood leptin ,and cord blood triglycerides were independent predictors for neonatal adiposity. Gestational weight gain was positively associated with adiposity in boys only. CONCLUSION: Compared to neonates of normal-weight NGT women, neonates of GDM women have higher LGA rates but similar adiposity, while neonates of overweight NGT women have increased adiposity. Limiting gestational weight gain might be especially important in the male fetus to reduce neonatal adiposity.
AIMS: To determine predictors of neonatal adiposity and differences in associations by fetal sex in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), normal-weight and overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) normal glucose-tolerant women (NGT). METHODS: Skinfold thickness was measured in 576 newborns, and cord blood leptin, c-peptide and lipids in 327 newborns in a multi-centric prospective cohort study. RESULTS: Compared to neonates of normal-weight NGT women (327), neonates of women with GDM (97) were more often large-for-gestational age (LGA) (16.5% vs 8.6%, p = 0.024) ,but the macrosomia rate (8.2% vs 5.8%, p = 0.388), sum of skinfolds (13.9 mm ± 2.9 vs 13.3 mm ± 2.6, p = 0.067), neonatal fat mass (1333.0 g ± 166.8 vs 1307.3 g ± 160.9, p = 0.356), and cord blood biomarkers were not significantly different. Compared to neonates of normal-weight NGT women, neonates of overweight NGT women (152) had higher rates of macrosomia (12.5% vs 5.8%, p = 0.012), LGA (17.1% vs 8.6%, p = 0.006), higher sum of skinfolds (14.3 mm ± 2.6 vs 13.2 mm ± 2.6, p < 0.001), neonatal fat mass (1386.0 g ± 168.6 vs 1307.3 g ± 160.9, p < 0.001), % neonatal fat mass > 90th percentile (15.2% vs 7.1%, p < 0.001), without significant differences in cord blood biomarkers. Maternal BMI, fasting glycemia, triglycerides, gestational weight gain, cord blood leptin ,and cord blood triglycerides were independent predictors for neonatal adiposity. Gestational weight gain was positively associated with adiposity in boys only. CONCLUSION: Compared to neonates of normal-weight NGT women, neonates of GDM women have higher LGA rates but similar adiposity, while neonates of overweight NGT women have increased adiposity. Limiting gestational weight gain might be especially important in the male fetus to reduce neonatal adiposity.
Authors: Caroline A Crowther; Janet E Hiller; John R Moss; Andrew J McPhee; William S Jeffries; Jeffrey S Robinson Journal: N Engl J Med Date: 2005-06-12 Impact factor: 91.245
Authors: I-Lynn Lee; Elizabeth L M Barr; Danielle Longmore; Federica Barzi; Alex D H Brown; Christine Connors; Jacqueline A Boyle; Marie Kirkwood; Vanya Hampton; Michael Lynch; Zhong X Lu; Kerin O'Dea; Jeremy Oats; H David McIntyre; Paul Zimmet; Jonathan E Shaw; Louise J Maple-Brown Journal: Diabetologia Date: 2020-01-08 Impact factor: 10.122
Authors: Danielle K Longmore; Elizabeth L M Barr; I-Lynn Lee; Federica Barzi; Marie Kirkwood; Cherie Whitbread; Vanya Hampton; Sian Graham; Paula Van Dokkum; Christine Connors; Jacqueline A Boyle; Patrick Catalano; Alex D H Brown; Kerin O'Dea; Jeremy Oats; H David McIntyre; Jonathan E Shaw; Louise J Maple-Brown Journal: Pediatr Obes Date: 2019-01-16 Impact factor: 4.000
Authors: Rachel Kadakia; Octavious Talbot; Alan Kuang; James R Bain; Michael J Muehlbauer; Robert D Stevens; Olga R Ilkayeva; Lynn P Lowe; Boyd E Metzger; Christopher B Newgard; Denise M Scholtens; William L Lowe Journal: J Clin Endocrinol Metab Date: 2019-10-01 Impact factor: 5.958
Authors: Mark B Landon; Catherine Y Spong; Elizabeth Thom; Marshall W Carpenter; Susan M Ramin; Brian Casey; Ronald J Wapner; Michael W Varner; Dwight J Rouse; John M Thorp; Anthony Sciscione; Patrick Catalano; Margaret Harper; George Saade; Kristine Y Lain; Yoram Sorokin; Alan M Peaceman; Jorge E Tolosa; Garland B Anderson Journal: N Engl J Med Date: 2009-10-01 Impact factor: 91.245
Authors: William L Lowe; Denise M Scholtens; Lynn P Lowe; Alan Kuang; Michael Nodzenski; Octavious Talbot; Patrick M Catalano; Barbara Linder; Wendy J Brickman; Peter Clayton; Chaicharn Deerochanawong; Jill Hamilton; Jami L Josefson; Michele Lashley; Jean M Lawrence; Yael Lebenthal; Ronald Ma; Michael Maresh; David McCance; Wing Hung Tam; David A Sacks; Alan R Dyer; Boyd E Metzger Journal: JAMA Date: 2018-09-11 Impact factor: 56.272
Authors: Rodrigo A Lima; Gernot Desoye; David Simmons; Roland Devlieger; Sander Galjaard; Rosa Corcoy; Juan M Adelantado; Fidelma Dunne; Jürgen Harreiter; Alexandra Kautzky-Willer; Peter Damm; Elisabeth R Mathiesen; Dorte M Jensen; Lise-Lotte Andersen; Mette Tanvig; Annunziata Lapolla; Maria G Dalfra; Alessandra Bertolotto; Ewa Wender-Ozegowska; Agnieszka Zawiejska; David J Hill; Frank J Snoek; Judith G M Jelsma; Mireille N M van Poppel Journal: Pediatr Obes Date: 2020-03-06 Impact factor: 4.000