Céline Braunwalder1,2, Rachel Müller3,4, Simon Kunz3,4, Hannah Tough3,4, Gunther Landmann5, Christine Fekete3,4. 1. Swiss Paraplegic Research, Guido A. Zäch Strasse 4, 6207, Nottwil, Switzerland. celine.braunwalder@paraplegie.ch. 2. Department of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Frohburgstrasse 3, 6002, Lucerne, Switzerland. celine.braunwalder@paraplegie.ch. 3. Swiss Paraplegic Research, Guido A. Zäch Strasse 4, 6207, Nottwil, Switzerland. 4. Department of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Frohburgstrasse 3, 6002, Lucerne, Switzerland. 5. Center for Pain Medicine, Guido A. Zäch Strasse 1, 6207, Nottwil, Switzerland.
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the associations of a set of psychosocial resources with pain and pain-related factors in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) and chronic pain. SETTING: Community, Switzerland. METHODS: Data from 1,064 individuals with chronic pain who participated in the second community survey of the Swiss Spinal Cord Injury Cohort Study (Survey 2017) were analyzed. Multiple linear regression modeling was performed to test the hypotheses that higher levels of psychosocial resources (self-efficacy, self-esteem, purpose in life, optimism, hope, social support, sense of belonging) are negatively associated with pain intensity, pain interference and depressive symptoms. RESULTS: Higher self-esteem, optimism and hope were related to less pain interference and all psychosocial resources under study were negatively associated with depressive symptoms in final models. However, neither of the psychosocial resources was related to pain intensity when models were adjusted for pain interference and depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: These findings strengthen the evidence that psychosocial resources can have an impact on pain interference and depressive symptoms as pain-related factors, and support the notion that psychosocial resources might be promising targets for pain interventions in individuals with SCI.
STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the associations of a set of psychosocial resources with pain and pain-related factors in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) and chronic pain. SETTING: Community, Switzerland. METHODS: Data from 1,064 individuals with chronic pain who participated in the second community survey of the Swiss Spinal Cord Injury Cohort Study (Survey 2017) were analyzed. Multiple linear regression modeling was performed to test the hypotheses that higher levels of psychosocial resources (self-efficacy, self-esteem, purpose in life, optimism, hope, social support, sense of belonging) are negatively associated with pain intensity, pain interference and depressive symptoms. RESULTS: Higher self-esteem, optimism and hope were related to less pain interference and all psychosocial resources under study were negatively associated with depressive symptoms in final models. However, neither of the psychosocial resources was related to pain intensity when models were adjusted for pain interference and depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: These findings strengthen the evidence that psychosocial resources can have an impact on pain interference and depressive symptoms as pain-related factors, and support the notion that psychosocial resources might be promising targets for pain interventions in individuals with SCI.
Authors: Melissa A Wright; Anava A Wren; Tamara J Somers; Mark C Goetz; Anne Marie Fras; Billy K Huh; Lesco L Rogers; Francis J Keefe Journal: J Pain Date: 2011-08-05 Impact factor: 5.820