Hani Mawardi1, Aliyah Alsubhi2, Noura Salem2, Emad Alhadlaq3, Siraj Dakhil4, Mohammed Zahran5, Lena Elbadawi6. 1. Associate Professor, Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: hmawardi@kau.edu.sa. 2. Department of Dentistry, King Fahd Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. 3. Assistant Professor, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. 4. Assistant Professor, Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. 5. Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. 6. Assistant Professor, Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Medication-induced gingival hyperplasia (MIGH) has been linked to several medications, with a reported prevalence ranging between 0.5% and 85%. The aim of this study was to systematically review the management approaches for MIGH and estimate recurrence rate and time to relapse. STUDY DESIGN: An electronic literature search was conducted using PICO questions (P = patients with medication-induced gingival hyperplasia; I = surgical and/or nonsurgical treatment options; C = no control is required; and O = partial or complete resolution and recurrence) and medical subject heading terms in the PubMed and Web of Science databases following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses protocol up to December 2019. All English-language articles on MIGH surgical and nonsurgical management options were included. Eligible articles were systematically reviewed and assessed for bias using preset criteria and multiple levels of elimination. Data were extracted from eligible studies and analyzed. RESULTS: Twenty-two eligible articles were included in this study. Management approaches included discontinuation or change of the offending medication if medically feasible in addition to surgical and nonsurgical interventions. Nonsurgical approach included scaling and root planing, oral hygiene instructions, and antimicrobial mouthrinses. Persistent or relapsed cases had complete resolution with excision of hyperplastic gingiva. Laser-assisted surgeries combined with intensive plaque control measures demonstrated less risk of recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Several treatment options for MIGH have been reported with variable outcomes. Duration and size of hyperplastic gingival tissue may have an effect on overall recurrence rate.
OBJECTIVE: Medication-induced gingival hyperplasia (MIGH) has been linked to several medications, with a reported prevalence ranging between 0.5% and 85%. The aim of this study was to systematically review the management approaches for MIGH and estimate recurrence rate and time to relapse. STUDY DESIGN: An electronic literature search was conducted using PICO questions (P = patients with medication-induced gingival hyperplasia; I = surgical and/or nonsurgical treatment options; C = no control is required; and O = partial or complete resolution and recurrence) and medical subject heading terms in the PubMed and Web of Science databases following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses protocol up to December 2019. All English-language articles on MIGH surgical and nonsurgical management options were included. Eligible articles were systematically reviewed and assessed for bias using preset criteria and multiple levels of elimination. Data were extracted from eligible studies and analyzed. RESULTS: Twenty-two eligible articles were included in this study. Management approaches included discontinuation or change of the offending medication if medically feasible in addition to surgical and nonsurgical interventions. Nonsurgical approach included scaling and root planing, oral hygiene instructions, and antimicrobial mouthrinses. Persistent or relapsed cases had complete resolution with excision of hyperplastic gingiva. Laser-assisted surgeries combined with intensive plaque control measures demonstrated less risk of recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Several treatment options for MIGH have been reported with variable outcomes. Duration and size of hyperplastic gingival tissue may have an effect on overall recurrence rate.