Rachel A Hoopsick1, Gregory G Homish2, Kenneth E Leonard3,4. 1. 12292 Department of Family Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA. 2. 12292 Department of Community Health and Health Behavior, School of Public Health and Professions, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA. 3. Clinical and Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA. 4. 12292 Department of Psychiatry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The types of opioids abused in the United States have changed from prescription opioids to heroin to fentanyl. However, the types of opioids abused may differ by demographic factors, especially among middle-aged adults. We examined national trends in opioid overdose mortality rates among middle-aged adults by race/ethnicity and sex. METHODS: Using 1999-2018 data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-ranging ONline Data for Epidemiologic Research database, we examined overdose mortality rates per 100 000 population in 2018 among adults aged 45-64 that involved natural and semisynthetic opioids, heroin, synthetic opioids (excluding methadone), and methadone. We tested for significant differences in mortality rates by race/ethnicity and sex. We plotted drug-specific trends by race/ethnicity and sex from 1999 to 2018. RESULTS: In 2018, non-Hispanic White adults had the highest rates per 100 000 population of natural and semisynthetic overdose mortality (men: 8.7; women: 7.9; P < .001), and non-Hispanic Black adults had the highest rates of heroin (men: 17.7; women: 5.4; P < .001) and synthetic opioid (men: 36.0; women: 11.2; P < .001) overdose mortality. Men had significantly higher overdose mortality rates than women did for deaths involving natural and semisynthetic opioids, heroin, and synthetic opioids, but not methadone. From 1999 to 2018, mortality rates increased sharply for heroin and synthetic opioids, increased modestly for natural and semisynthetic opioids, and decreased for methadone. The greatest increases were among non-Hispanic Black men for heroin overdose (3.3 in 1999 to 17.7 in 2018) and synthetic opioid overdose (0.1 in 1999 to 36.0 in 2018). CONCLUSIONS: Policy making should consider unique subgroup risks and alternative trajectories of opioid use other than people being prescribed opioids, developing opioid use disorder, subsequently moving to heroin, and then to fentanyl.
OBJECTIVES: The types of opioids abused in the United States have changed from prescription opioids to heroin to fentanyl. However, the types of opioids abused may differ by demographic factors, especially among middle-aged adults. We examined national trends in opioid overdose mortality rates among middle-aged adults by race/ethnicity and sex. METHODS: Using 1999-2018 data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-ranging ONline Data for Epidemiologic Research database, we examined overdose mortality rates per 100 000 population in 2018 among adults aged 45-64 that involved natural and semisynthetic opioids, heroin, synthetic opioids (excluding methadone), and methadone. We tested for significant differences in mortality rates by race/ethnicity and sex. We plotted drug-specific trends by race/ethnicity and sex from 1999 to 2018. RESULTS: In 2018, non-Hispanic White adults had the highest rates per 100 000 population of natural and semisynthetic overdose mortality (men: 8.7; women: 7.9; P < .001), and non-Hispanic Black adults had the highest rates of heroin (men: 17.7; women: 5.4; P < .001) and synthetic opioid (men: 36.0; women: 11.2; P < .001) overdose mortality. Men had significantly higher overdose mortality rates than women did for deaths involving natural and semisynthetic opioids, heroin, and synthetic opioids, but not methadone. From 1999 to 2018, mortality rates increased sharply for heroin and synthetic opioids, increased modestly for natural and semisynthetic opioids, and decreased for methadone. The greatest increases were among non-Hispanic Black men for heroin overdose (3.3 in 1999 to 17.7 in 2018) and synthetic opioid overdose (0.1 in 1999 to 36.0 in 2018). CONCLUSIONS: Policy making should consider unique subgroup risks and alternative trajectories of opioid use other than people being prescribed opioids, developing opioid use disorder, subsequently moving to heroin, and then to fentanyl.
Entities:
Keywords:
Black or African American; Hispanic or Latino; White; mortality; opioid overdose
Authors: Alexandria Macmadu; Jennifer J Carroll; Scott E Hadland; Traci C Green; Brandon D L Marshall Journal: Addict Behav Date: 2017-01-06 Impact factor: 3.913
Authors: Christopher M Jones; Grant T Baldwin; Teresa Manocchio; Jessica O White; Karin A Mack Journal: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Date: 2016-07-08 Impact factor: 17.586
Authors: Lia N Pizzicato; Rebecca Drake; Reed Domer-Shank; Caroline C Johnson; Kendra M Viner Journal: Drug Alcohol Depend Date: 2018-06-05 Impact factor: 4.492
Authors: Lyna Z Schieber; Gery P Guy; Puja Seth; Randall Young; Christine L Mattson; Christina A Mikosz; Richard A Schieber Journal: JAMA Netw Open Date: 2019-03-01
Authors: Marc R Larochelle; Svetla Slavova; Elisabeth D Root; Daniel J Feaster; Patrick J Ward; Sabrina C Selk; Charles Knott; Jennifer Villani; Jeffrey H Samet Journal: Am J Public Health Date: 2021-09-09 Impact factor: 11.561
Authors: Andrey Kuzmichev; Noelle M Harada; Derek M Griffith; Krista M Powell; Hazel D Dean Journal: Public Health Rep Date: 2022-04-18 Impact factor: 3.117
Authors: Katherine A Hirchak; Solmaz Amiri; Gordon Kordas; Oladunni Oluwoye; Abram J Lyons; Kelsey Bajet; Judith A Hahn; Michael G McDonell; Aimee N C Campbell; Kamilla Venner Journal: Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy Date: 2022-05-25