Wanlu Su1,2, Yuxia Wang3, Kang Chen2, Jie Wang1,2, Anping Wang2, Xulei Tang4, Li Yan5, Zuojie Luo6, Guijun Qin7, Lulu Chen8, Guang Ning9, Yiming Mu1,2. 1. School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China. 2. Department of Endocrinology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China. 3. Department of Nutrition, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. 4. Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanz7hou, Gansu, China. Department of Endocrinology, Center Hospital of Dalian, Dalian, China. 5. Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. 6. Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China. 7. Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China. 8. Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China. 9. Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai National Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Ruijin Hospital. Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Several studies have suggested that nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). The excretion of low-level albuminuria (LLA) elevates as the prevalence of CVD increases. However, few studies have explored the association between NAFLD and LLA. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 31 147 Chinese adults (7664 men and 23 483 women). The "normal" level of albuminuria as determined by the urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR) was below 30 mg/g. LLA was defined as a higher level within the "normal" albuminuria range (5.54 mg/g < LLA≤29.9 mg/g). The participants with NAFLD were defined as having a fatty liver index (FLI) ≥ 60. The FLI was calculated using the Bedogni equation. RESULTS: A positive association was found between UACR and FLI through multivariate linear regression analyses (nonstandardized β ± SE: .047 ± 0.004, P <.001). The logistic regression analyses revealed that NAFLD had adjusted odds ratios (ORs) showing a significant relationship with LLA in models 1 to 4 (all subjects: OR, 1.207; 95% CI, 1.098-1.326; women: OR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.26-1.63; all P <.001); however, we did not find significant adjusted ORs among the men. In the stratified analyses, the relationship between NAFLD and LLA was significant among postmenopausal women with a body mass index ≥24 but <28 kg/m2 , fasting plasma glucose ≥5.6 but <7.0 mmol/L, or postprandial plasma glucose ≥7.8 but <11.1 mmol/L and those aged below 60 years without moderate-intensity exercise. CONCLUSIONS: A noteworthy association between NAFLD and LLA was found among postmenopausal women who had borderline blood glucose values, were overweight, and did not engage in moderate-intensity physical activity.
BACKGROUND: Several studies have suggested that nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). The excretion of low-level albuminuria (LLA) elevates as the prevalence of CVD increases. However, few studies have explored the association between NAFLD and LLA. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 31 147 Chinese adults (7664 men and 23 483 women). The "normal" level of albuminuria as determined by the urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR) was below 30 mg/g. LLA was defined as a higher level within the "normal" albuminuria range (5.54 mg/g < LLA≤29.9 mg/g). The participants with NAFLD were defined as having a fatty liver index (FLI) ≥ 60. The FLI was calculated using the Bedogni equation. RESULTS: A positive association was found between UACR and FLI through multivariate linear regression analyses (nonstandardized β ± SE: .047 ± 0.004, P <.001). The logistic regression analyses revealed that NAFLD had adjusted odds ratios (ORs) showing a significant relationship with LLA in models 1 to 4 (all subjects: OR, 1.207; 95% CI, 1.098-1.326; women: OR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.26-1.63; all P <.001); however, we did not find significant adjusted ORs among the men. In the stratified analyses, the relationship between NAFLD and LLA was significant among postmenopausal women with a body mass index ≥24 but <28 kg/m2 , fasting plasma glucose ≥5.6 but <7.0 mmol/L, or postprandial plasma glucose ≥7.8 but <11.1 mmol/L and those aged below 60 years without moderate-intensity exercise. CONCLUSIONS: A noteworthy association between NAFLD and LLA was found among postmenopausal women who had borderline blood glucose values, were overweight, and did not engage in moderate-intensity physical activity.