Air pollution and noncognitive traits among Chinese adolescents.

Most residents in developing countries live under poor air quality. The adverse effects of air pollution on cardiovascular and respiratory health are well documented. More recently, it has been shown that air pollution adversely affects areas of the central nervous system regulating noncognitive traits. Because the developing brain is particularly vulnerable, this study focuses on adolescents. We match air pollution data from monitoring stations in China to repeated measures of noncognitive traits using panel data. In general, poorer contemporaneous air quality, rather than poorer past air quality, negatively affects adolescent noncognitive traits. Specifically, an increase in the Air Pollution Index by 15 points-the average daily fluctuation-leads to a 5.5% increase in psychological distress, 0.9% decrease in self-esteem, 3.2% reduction in self-satisfaction, and 0.9% decrease in confidence in the future. No such effects are found among adults.