Combination of Augmented Reality Based Brain- Computer Interface and Computer Vision for High-Level Control of a Robotic Arm.

Recent advances in robotics, neuroscience, and signal processing make it possible to operate a robot through electroencephalography (EEG)-based brain-computer interface (BCI). Although some successful attempts have been made in recent years, the practicality of the entire system still has much room for improvement. The present study designed and realized a robotic arm control system by combing augmented reality (AR), computer vision, and steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP)-BCI. AR environment was implemented by a Microsoft HoloLens. Flickering stimuli for eliciting SSVEPs were presented on the HoloLens, which allowed users to see both the robotic arm and the user interface of the BCI. Thus users did not need to switch attention between the visual stimulator and the robotic arm. A four-command SSVEP-BCI was built for users to choose the specific object to be operated by the robotic arm. Once an object was selected, the computer vision would provide the location and color of the object in the workspace. Subsequently, the object was autonomously picked up and placed by the robotic arm. According to the online results obtained from twelve participants, the mean classification accuracy of the proposed system was 93.96 ± 5.05%. Moreover, all subjects could utilize the proposed system to successfully pick and place objects in a specific order. These results demonstrated the potential of combining AR-BCI and computer vision to control robotic arms, which is expected to further promote the practicality of BCI-controlled robots.