Diet-gene interaction: effects of polymorphisms in the ACE, AGT and BDKRB2 genes and the consumption of sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium on blood pressure of normotensive adult individuals.

Functional variants in genes of the renin-angiotensin (RAS) and kallikrein-kinin (KKS) systems have already been implicated in blood pressure (BP) modulation, but few studies have focused on a nutrigenetics approach. Thus, the aim of this study is to verify the effects of the interaction between genetic polymorphisms (rs4340-ACE, rs699-AGT, and rs1799722-BDKRB2) and micronutrient consumption (sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium) on BP values of normotensive adult individuals. The study included 335 adults, men and women, 25.5 (6.6) years old. Biochemical, anthropometric, BP measurements, and food intake data were assessed for all participants. Gene-nutrient interaction on BP outcome was tested by multiple linear regression with manual backward stepwise modeling. Our results indicated that individuals with G allele for rs699 polymorphism, in the increase of sodium and magnesium consumption, both in the genotypic model (sodium, p = 0.035; magnesium, p = 0.016) and in the dominant model (sodium, p = 0.009; magnesium, p = 0.006) had higher systolic BP (SBP) levels compared to AA homozygotes (sodium, p = 0.001; magnesium, p < 0.001). Also, individuals with the T allele for the rs1799722 polymorphism, with higher calcium intake, had significantly higher levels of SBP and diastolic BP (DBP) when compared to CC homozygotes (p = 0.037). In conclusion, our findings pointed for significant interactions between genetic polymorphisms (rs699-AGT and rs1799722-BDKRB2) and the consumption of micronutrients (sodium, magnesium, and calcium) on the BP variation. These findings contribute to the understanding of the complex mechanisms involved in BP regulation, which probable include several gene-nutrition interactions.