Xihao Du1, Yi Zhang2, Cong Liu1, Jianlong Fang2, Feng Zhao2, Chen Chen2, Peng Du2, Qiong Wang2, Jiaonan Wang3, Wanying Shi2, Aaron van Donkelaar4, Randall V Martin4, Jovine Bachwenkizi1, Renjie Chen1, Tiantian Li5, Haidong Kan6, Xiaoming Shi2. 1. School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China. 2. China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China. 3. Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China. 4. Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, B3H 4R2 Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. 5. China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China. Electronic address: litiantian@nieh.chinacdc.cn. 6. School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Center for Children's Health, Shanghai, China. Electronic address: kanh@fudan.edu.cn.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Limited evidence is available on the associations of long-term exposure to various fine particulate matter (PM2.5) constituents with sub-clinical outcomes of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in China. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to explore the associations of PM2.5 and its constituents with blood pressure (BP), fasting glucose, and cardiac electrophysiological (ECG) properties based on a national survey of 5852 Chinese adults, who participated in the Sub-Clinical Outcome of Polluted Air study, from July 2017 to March 2019. METHODS: Annual residential exposure to PM2.5 and its constituents of each subject was predicted by a satellite-based mode. We assessed the associations between five main constituents [organic matter (OM), black carbon (BC), sulfate (SO42-), nitrate (NO3-), ammonium (NH4+)] of PM2.5 and systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), fasting glucose, and ECG measurements (PR, QRS, QT, and QTc interval) using multivariable linear regression models. RESULTS: Long-term PM2.5 exposure was significantly associated with increased levels of fasting glucose, DBP, and ECG measurements. An IQR increase in OM (8.2 μg/m3) showed considerably stronger associations with an elevated fasting glucose of 0.39 mmol/L (95%CI confidence interval: 0.28, 0.49) compared with other PM2.5 constituents. Meanwhile, an IQR increase in NO3-, NH4+ and OM had stronger associations with DBP and ECG parameters compared with BC and SO42-. CONCLUSIONS: This nationwide multi-center study in China indicated that some constituents (i.e., OM, NO3-, and NH4+) might be mainly responsible for the association of PM2.5 with sub-clinical outcomes of CVD including BP, fasting glucose, and ECG measurements.
BACKGROUND: Limited evidence is available on the associations of long-term exposure to various fine particulate matter (PM2.5) constituents with sub-clinical outcomes of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in China. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to explore the associations of PM2.5 and its constituents with blood pressure (BP), fasting glucose, and cardiac electrophysiological (ECG) properties based on a national survey of 5852 Chinese adults, who participated in the Sub-Clinical Outcome of Polluted Air study, from July 2017 to March 2019. METHODS: Annual residential exposure to PM2.5 and its constituents of each subject was predicted by a satellite-based mode. We assessed the associations between five main constituents [organic matter (OM), black carbon (BC), sulfate (SO42-), nitrate (NO3-), ammonium (NH4+)] of PM2.5 and systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), fasting glucose, and ECG measurements (PR, QRS, QT, and QTc interval) using multivariable linear regression models. RESULTS: Long-term PM2.5 exposure was significantly associated with increased levels of fasting glucose, DBP, and ECG measurements. An IQR increase in OM (8.2 μg/m3) showed considerably stronger associations with an elevated fasting glucose of 0.39 mmol/L (95%CI confidence interval: 0.28, 0.49) compared with other PM2.5 constituents. Meanwhile, an IQR increase in NO3-, NH4+ and OM had stronger associations with DBP and ECG parameters compared with BC and SO42-. CONCLUSIONS: This nationwide multi-center study in China indicated that some constituents (i.e., OM, NO3-, and NH4+) might be mainly responsible for the association of PM2.5 with sub-clinical outcomes of CVD including BP, fasting glucose, and ECG measurements.