Darren Shu Jeng Ting1,2, Charlotte Shan Ho2, Jessica Cairns3, Bhavesh P Gopal2, Ahmad Elsahn1,2, Mouhamed Al-Aqaba1,2, Tim Boswell4, Dalia G Said1,2, Harminder S Dua5,6. 1. Academic Ophthalmology, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK. 2. Department of Ophthalmology, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK. 3. School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK. 4. Department of Microbiology, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham, UK. 5. Academic Ophthalmology, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK. profdua@gmail.com. 6. Department of Ophthalmology, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK. profdua@gmail.com.
Abstract
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to examine the seasonal patterns of incidence, demographic factors and microbiological profiles of infectious keratitis (IK) in Nottingham, UK. METHODS: A retrospective study of all patients who were diagnosed with IK and underwent corneal scraping during 2008-2019 at a UK tertiary referral centre. Seasonal patterns of incidence (in per 100,000 population-year), demographic factors, culture positivity rate and microbiological profiles of IK were analysed. RESULTS: A total of 1272 IK cases were included. The overall incidence of IK was highest during summer (37.7, 95% confidence interval (CI): 31.3-44.1), followed by autumn (36.7, 95% CI: 31.0-42.4), winter (36.4, 95% CI: 32.1-40.8) and spring (30.6, 95% CI: 26.8-34.3), though not statistically significant (p = 0.14). The incidence of IK during summer increased significantly over the 12 years of study (r = 0.58, p = 0.049), but the incidence of IK in other seasons remained relatively stable throughout the study period. Significant seasonal variations were observed in patients' age (younger age in summer) and causative organisms, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa (32.9% in summer vs. 14.8% in winter; p < 0.001) and gram-positive bacilli (16.1% in summer vs. 4.7% in winter; p = 0.014). CONCLUSION: The incidence of IK in Nottingham was similar among four seasons. No temporal trend in the annual incidence of IK was observed, as reported previously, but there was a significant yearly increase in the incidence of IK during summer in Nottingham over the past decade. The association of younger age, P. aeruginosa and gram-positive bacilli infection with summer was likely attributed to contact lens wear, increased outdoor/water activity and warmer temperature conducive for microbial growth.
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to examine the seasonal patterns of incidence, demographic factors and microbiological profiles of infectious keratitis (IK) in Nottingham, UK. METHODS: A retrospective study of all patients who were diagnosed with IK and underwent corneal scraping during 2008-2019 at a UK tertiary referral centre. Seasonal patterns of incidence (in per 100,000 population-year), demographic factors, culture positivity rate and microbiological profiles of IK were analysed. RESULTS: A total of 1272 IK cases were included. The overall incidence of IK was highest during summer (37.7, 95% confidence interval (CI): 31.3-44.1), followed by autumn (36.7, 95% CI: 31.0-42.4), winter (36.4, 95% CI: 32.1-40.8) and spring (30.6, 95% CI: 26.8-34.3), though not statistically significant (p = 0.14). The incidence of IK during summer increased significantly over the 12 years of study (r = 0.58, p = 0.049), but the incidence of IK in other seasons remained relatively stable throughout the study period. Significant seasonal variations were observed in patients' age (younger age in summer) and causative organisms, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa (32.9% in summer vs. 14.8% in winter; p < 0.001) and gram-positive bacilli (16.1% in summer vs. 4.7% in winter; p = 0.014). CONCLUSION: The incidence of IK in Nottingham was similar among four seasons. No temporal trend in the annual incidence of IK was observed, as reported previously, but there was a significant yearly increase in the incidence of IK during summer in Nottingham over the past decade. The association of younger age, P. aeruginosa and gram-positive bacilli infection with summer was likely attributed to contact lens wear, increased outdoor/water activity and warmer temperature conducive for microbial growth.
Authors: Mathias Roth; Paul Goerke; Christoph Holtmann; Andreas Frings; Colin R MacKenzie; Gerd Geerling Journal: Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol Date: 2022-06-10 Impact factor: 3.117
Authors: Darren Shu Jeng Ting; Jessica Cairns; Bhavesh P Gopal; Charlotte Shan Ho; Lazar Krstic; Ahmad Elsahn; Michelle Lister; Dalia G Said; Harminder S Dua Journal: Front Med (Lausanne) Date: 2021-08-11
Authors: Darren Shu Jeng Ting; Mohamed Galal; Bina Kulkarni; Mohamed S Elalfy; Damian Lake; Samer Hamada; Dalia G Said; Harminder S Dua Journal: J Fungi (Basel) Date: 2021-11-12
Authors: Darren Shu Jeng Ting; Imran Mohammed; Rajamani Lakshminarayanan; Roger W Beuerman; Harminder S Dua Journal: Front Med (Lausanne) Date: 2022-06-16