Effects of lime amendment on the organic substances changes, antibiotics removal, and heavy metals speciation transformation during swine manure composting.

Aerobic composting has been used for a long time for bioconversion of manure wastes, however, its application has been limited due to slow transition of organic matters and influence of heavy metals and antibiotics residues. Compost with lime addition can speed up the composting process, while its effects on the evolution of organic matters, heavy metals and antibiotics need to be further investigated. In this research, the effects of lime amendment on organic substances changes was assessed by the spectroscopic characteristics. Besides, chlortetracycline (CTC) removal and Cu, Zn chemical speciation transformation were also evaluated. Results showed that the humic acid-like substances region of fluorescence regional integration (FRI-EEM) increased from 20.5% to 40.9% and 20.6%-32.6%, respectively, in lime addition treatment and control after 15 days of composting, indicating that the addition of lime remarkably improved the transition of organic matter and accelerated the maturity process. Besides, 94.04% of CTC in the manure was removed when lime was added, higher than 86.10% in the control group. The transformation of zinc from exchangeable and reducible into oxidizable and residual fractions was improved while the transformation of copper was affected slightly. Therefore, lime is a suitable amendment material for manure composting, which can accelerate the transition of organic matters due to the regulation of composting pH, as well as eliminate harmful CTC and bioavailable heavy metal, thus promoting the further utilizing of organic substance.