Amanda M Perak1, Hongyan Ning2, Sadiya S Khan3, Joshua D Bundy4, Norrina B Allen5, Cora E Lewis6, David R Jacobs7, Linda V Van Horn2, Donald M Lloyd-Jones5. 1. Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois. Electronic address: amarma@luriechildrens.org. 2. Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois. 3. Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois. 4. Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana. 5. Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois. 6. Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama. 7. Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: When measured in adolescence or young adulthood, cardiovascular health (CVH) is associated with future subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD), but data are lacking regarding CVD events or mortality. OBJECTIVES: This study examined associations of CVH at ages 18 to 30 years with premature CVD and mortality. METHODS: This study analyzed data from the CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study). CVH was scored at baseline (1985 to 1986) using Life's Simple 7 metrics and categorized as high (12 to 14 points), moderate (8 to 11), or low (0 to 7). CVD events and cause-specific mortality were adjudicated over 32 years of follow-up. Adjusted associations were estimated using Cox models and event rates and population attributable fractions were calculated by CVH category. RESULTS: Among 4,836 participants (mean age: 24.9 years, 54.8% female, 50.5% Black, mean education: 15.2 years), baseline CVH was high (favorable) in 28.8%, moderate in 65.0%, and low in 6.3%. During follow-up, 306 CVD events and 431 deaths occurred. The adjusted hazard ratios for high (vs. low) CVH were 0.14 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.09 to 0.22) for CVD and 0.07 (95% CI: 0.03 to 0.19) for CVD mortality, and the population attributable fractions for combined moderate or low (vs. high) CVH were 0.63 (95% CI: 0.47 to 0.74) for CVD and 0.81 (95% CI: 0.55 to 0.92) for CVD mortality. Among individuals with high CVH, event rates were low across sociodemographic subgroups (e.g., CVD rates per 1,000 person-years: age 18 to 24 years, 0.64; age 25 to 30 years, 0.65; men, 1.04; women, 0.36; Blacks, 0.90; Whites, 0.50; up to/through high-school education, 1.00; beyond high-school education, 0.61). CONCLUSIONS: High CVH in late adolescence or young adulthood was associated with very low rates of premature CVD and mortality over 32 years, indicating the critical importance of maintaining high CVH.
BACKGROUND: When measured in adolescence or young adulthood, cardiovascular health (CVH) is associated with future subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD), but data are lacking regarding CVD events or mortality. OBJECTIVES: This study examined associations of CVH at ages 18 to 30 years with premature CVD and mortality. METHODS: This study analyzed data from the CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study). CVH was scored at baseline (1985 to 1986) using Life's Simple 7 metrics and categorized as high (12 to 14 points), moderate (8 to 11), or low (0 to 7). CVD events and cause-specific mortality were adjudicated over 32 years of follow-up. Adjusted associations were estimated using Cox models and event rates and population attributable fractions were calculated by CVH category. RESULTS: Among 4,836 participants (mean age: 24.9 years, 54.8% female, 50.5% Black, mean education: 15.2 years), baseline CVH was high (favorable) in 28.8%, moderate in 65.0%, and low in 6.3%. During follow-up, 306 CVD events and 431 deaths occurred. The adjusted hazard ratios for high (vs. low) CVH were 0.14 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.09 to 0.22) for CVD and 0.07 (95% CI: 0.03 to 0.19) for CVDmortality, and the population attributable fractions for combined moderate or low (vs. high) CVH were 0.63 (95% CI: 0.47 to 0.74) for CVD and 0.81 (95% CI: 0.55 to 0.92) for CVDmortality. Among individuals with high CVH, event rates were low across sociodemographic subgroups (e.g., CVD rates per 1,000 person-years: age 18 to 24 years, 0.64; age 25 to 30 years, 0.65; men, 1.04; women, 0.36; Blacks, 0.90; Whites, 0.50; up to/through high-school education, 1.00; beyond high-school education, 0.61). CONCLUSIONS: High CVH in late adolescence or young adulthood was associated with very low rates of premature CVD and mortality over 32 years, indicating the critical importance of maintaining high CVH.
Authors: Nilay S Shah; Hongyan Ning; Lucia C Petito; Kiarri N Kershaw; Michael P Bancks; Jared P Reis; Jamal S Rana; Stephen Sidney; David R Jacobs; Catarina I Kiefe; Mercedes R Carnethon; Donald M Lloyd-Jones; Norrina B Allen; Sadiya S Khan Journal: Circulation Date: 2022-05-24 Impact factor: 39.918
Authors: Michael C Wang; Priya M Freaney; Amanda M Perak; Norrina B Allen; Philip Greenland; William A Grobman; Donald M Lloyd-Jones; Sadiya S Khan Journal: Eur J Prev Cardiol Date: 2022-03-30 Impact factor: 8.526
Authors: Sophia J Kiechl; Anna Staudt; Katharina Stock; Nina Gande; Benoît Bernar; Christoph Hochmayr; Bernhard Winder; Ralf Geiger; Andrea Griesmacher; Markus Anliker; Stefan Kiechl; Ursula Kiechl-Kohlendorfer; Michael Knoflach; Raimund Pechlaner Journal: J Am Heart Assoc Date: 2021-09-06 Impact factor: 5.501
Authors: Donald M Lloyd-Jones; Cora E Lewis; Pamela J Schreiner; James M Shikany; Stephen Sidney; Jared P Reis Journal: J Am Coll Cardiol Date: 2021-07-20 Impact factor: 27.203