| Literature DB >> 33175027 |
Jhael N Bermúdez1, Daniel Ayala2, Oscar F Herrán3.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the nutritional situation of children under five years old from both urban and rural areas of Colombia.Entities:
Mesh:
Year: 2020 PMID: 33175027 PMCID: PMC7647466 DOI: 10.11606/s1518-8787.2020054001925
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Rev Saude Publica ISSN: 0034-8910 Impact factor: 2.106
Characteristics per geographic area where under-fives live. Colombia, ENSIN-2015.
| Variable | Urban area | Rural area | PR (95%CI) | p | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Prevalence (95%CI) | n | Prevalence (95%CI) | ||||
| Gender | |||||||
| Male | 4,473 | 51.5 (49.7–53.3) | 1,808 | 51.4 (49.1–53.6) | 1.0 (0.97–1.03) | 0.928 | |
| Female | 4,378 | 48.5 (46.7–50.3) | 1,752 | 48.6 (46.4–50.9) | 1.0 (0.97–1.03) | 0.955 | |
| Age group (months) | |||||||
| 0–11 | 1,740 | 20.1 (18.8–21.4) | 657 | 19.3 (17.7–21.1) | 1.0 (0.95–1.08) | 0.668 | |
| 12–23 | 1,753 | 19.9 (18.8–21.2) | 675 | 19.8 (18.2–21.5) | 1.0 (0.94–1.06) | 0.975 | |
| 24–35 | 1,815 | 19.8 (18.4–21.2) | 733 | 20.9 (18.7–23.3) | 1.0 (0.92–1.04) | 0.533 | |
| 36–48 | 1,698 | 19.5 (18.3–20.8) | 754 | 20.7 (18.9–22.6) | 1.0 (0.91–1.05) | 0.493 | |
| 48–59 | 1,845 | 20.7 (19.4–22.1) | 741 | 19.3 (17.8–21.0) | 1.0 (0.97–1.09) | 0.422 | |
| Wealth index | |||||||
| T1- Poorest | 1,953 | 9.6 (8.2–11.3) | 2,995 | 76.9 (72.5–80.8) | 0.1 (0.09–0.12) | < 0.001 | |
| T2 | 3,679 | 37.9 (35.6–40.3) | 542 | 21.7 (18.0–26.0) | 1.1 (1.07–1.12) | < 0.001 | |
| T5- Wealthiest | 3,219 | 52.5 (50.0–54.9) | 23 | 1.4 (0.9–2.3) | 1.0 (1.01–1.02) | < 0.001 | |
| Household chief educational level | |||||||
| Lower than primary school | 1,589 | 15.4 (14.1–16.8) | 1,697 | 46.6 (42.7–50.6) | 0.9 (0.82–0.94) | < 0.001 | |
| Lower than secondary school | 2,798 | 33.0 (31.0–35.1) | 1,218 | 33.7 (31.1–36.4) | 1.0 (0.95–1.03) | 0.673 | |
| Lower than higher education | 3,787 | 43.8 (41.7–45.9) | 583 | 19.2 (16.4–22.3) | 1.1 (1.12–1.17) | < 0.001 | |
| Higher education and further | 607 | 7.8 (6.2–9.8) | 27 | 0.5 (0.3–0.8) | 1.0 (0.98–1.07) | 0.478 | |
| Food insecurity | |||||||
| No | 3,194 | 40.4 (38.3–42.6) | 969 | 31.7 (28.6–34.9) | 1.1 (1.05–1.13) | < 0.001 | |
| Mild | 3,282 | 37.6 (35.5–39.6) | 1,236 | 35.7 (32.9–38.7) | 1.0 (0.99–1.07) | 0.234 | |
| Moderate | 1,437 | 13.4 (12.3–14.6) | 690 | 18.3 (16.1–20.7) | 0.9 (0.80–0.97) | 0.004 | |
| Severe | 936 | 8.6 (7.5–9.9) | 660 | 14.3 (11.9–17.0) | 0.8 (0.65–0.90) | < 0.001 | |
| Water availability | |||||||
| Water supply network | 6,171 | 84.6 (82.3–86.4) | 634 | 22.6 (19.3–26.2) | 1.5 (1.42–1.53) | < 0.001 | |
| Well or community supply | 353 | 1.5 (1.04–2.03) | 1166 | 34.0 (29.7–38.7) | 0.0 (0.02–0.10) | < 0.001 | |
| Bottled water | 1,311 | 10.0 (8.67–11.6) | 161 | 4.1 (3.05–5.60) | 1.1 (1.03–1.12) | 0.020 | |
| Others | 1,016 | 3.9 (2.98–5.15) | 1,599 | 39.3 (34.4–44.3) | 0.9 (0.84–0.91) | < 0.001 | |
| Sewage system | |||||||
| Yes | 6,924 | 89.9 (88.0–91.5) | 378 | 16.2 (12.5–20.6) | 3.1 (2.96–3.35) | < 0.001 | |
| No | 1,927 | 10.1 (8.5–12.0) | 3,182 | 83.8 (79.4–87.5) | 0.0 (0.03–0.05) | < 0.001 | |
| Diarrhea | |||||||
| Yes | 1,057 | 29.0 (26.6–31.6) | 428 | 38.0 (32.6–43.6) | 1.2 (1.08–1.27) | < 0.001 | |
| No | 2,314 | 71.0 (68.4–73.4) | 703 | 62.0 (56.4–67.4) | 1.1 (1.06–1.16) | < 0.001 | |
| Acute respiratory infection | |||||||
| Yes | 2,634 | 79.8 (77.6–81.8) | 873 | 77.6 (72.9–81.6) | 1.0 (0.99–1.09) | 0.155 | |
| No | 737 | 20.2 (18.2–22.4) | 258 | 22.4 (18.4–27.1) | 1.0 (0.88–1.06) | 0.441 | |
PR: prevalente ratio [urban/rural].
Based on ELCSA.
Within the previous fifteen days, self-reported.
Prevalence of wasting in the weight-for-height indicator (Z < −2) in Colombian children aged between zero and four years per geographic area. Colombia, ENSIN-2015.
| Variable | Urban area (n = 8,735) | Rural area (n = 3,521) | aPR | p | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prevalence (95%CI) | p | Prevalence (95%CI) | p | ||||
| Total | 1.4 (1.13–1.83) | 1.8 (1.29–2.57) | 0.282 | 0.7 (0.44–1.10) | 0.120 | ||
| Gender | 0.753 | 0.766 | |||||
| Male | 1.5 (1.12–2.00) | 1.9 (1.13–3.25) | 0.8 (0.40–165) | 0.563 | |||
| Female | 1.4 (0.94–2.04) | 1.7 (1.07–2.76) | 0.6 (0.31–1.10) | 0.093 | |||
| Age group (months) | 0.001 | 0.004 | |||||
| 0–11 | 2.4 (1.64–3.47) | 2.9 (1.31–6.50) | 0.6 (0.25–1.37) | 0.211 | |||
| 12–23 | 1.7 (1.12–2.61) | 2.7 (1.41–4.98) | 0.5 (0.25–1.13) | 0.099 | |||
| 24–35 | 1.5 (0.75–3.19) | 1.5 (0.60–3.70) | 0.9 (0.33–2.34) | 0.790 | |||
| 36–48 | 0.5 (0.02–1.02) | 1.9 (1.00–3.72) | 4.7 (0.65–33.65) | 0.124 | |||
| 48–59 | 1.1 (0.67–1.86) | 0.0 (0.00–0.34) | 0.0 (0.00–0.32) | 0.004 | |||
| Stunted growth (height-for-age) | 0.272 | 0.798 | |||||
| No | 1.5 (1.16–1.91) | 1.8 (1.21–2.66) | 0.7 (0.41–1.36) | 0.139 | |||
| Yes (Z < −2) | 1.0 (0.50–1.98) | 2.0 (1.06–3.65) | 0.7 (0.28–1.91) | 0.511 | |||
| Household chief's educational level | 0.984 | 0.058 | |||||
| Lower than primary school | 1.5 (0.90–2.54) | 2.7 (1.76–4.06) | 1.0 (0.44–2.14) | 0.944 | |||
| Lower than secondary school | 1.2 (0.80–1.75) | 0.9 (0.37–2.29) | 0.3 (0.12–0.77) | 0.013 | |||
| Lower than higher education | 1.8 (1.24–2.61) | 1.3 (0.57–3.12) | 0.6 (0.22–1.62) | 0.303 | |||
| Higher education or further | 0.6 (0.25–1.24) | NO | NA | NA | |||
| Health insurance | 0.009 | < 0.001 | |||||
| Uninsured | 1.1 (0.64–1.70) | 0.2 (0.00–0.73) | 0.1 (0.04–0.31) | < 0.001 | |||
| Subsidized | 1.7 (1.26–2.19) | 2.2 (1.51–3.13) | 0.8 (0.50–1.40) | 0.490 | |||
| Contributive/others | 4.1 (2.12–5.46) | 1.5 (0.47–4.57) | 0.2 (0.05–0.84) | 0.029 | |||
| Food insecurity | 0.114 | 0.132 | |||||
| No | 1.2 (0.68–1.99) | 1.7 (0.84–3.30) | 1.1 (0.45–2.57) | 0.872 | |||
| Mild | 1.5 (1.09–2.10) | 1.2 (0.69–2.12) | 0.4 (0.19–0.97) | 0.043 | |||
| Moderate | 1.5 (0.84–2.67) | 1.5 (0.72–3.08) | 0.4 (0.14–0.92) | 0.034 | |||
| Severe | 2.3 (1.34–4.02) | 4.1 (1.99–8.34) | 0.8 (0.38–1.58) | 0.476 | |||
| Wealth index | 0.010 | 0.077 | |||||
| T1- poorest | 2.8 (1.76–4.60) | 2.2 (1.54–3.19) | 0.7 (0.40–1.26) | 0.239 | |||
| T2 | 1.6 (1.16–2.19) | 0.6 (0.12–2.58) | 0.4 (0.07–1.70) | 0.190 | |||
| T5- wealthiest | 1.1 (0.67–1.70) | NO | NA | NA | |||
| Ethnicity | 0.119 | 0.174 | |||||
| Mestizo | 1.3 (1.01–1.76) | 1.6 (1.13–2.31) | 0.6 (0.36–1.05) | 0.072 | |||
| Black/Afro-descendant | 2.5 (1.47–4.33) | 1.1 (0.41–2.77) | 0.3 (0.07–1.58) | 0.152 | |||
| Indigenous | 1.0 (0.32–3.37) | 3.6 (1.41–8.92) | 1.5 (0.44–5.33) | 0.473 | |||
| Region | 0.116 | 0.068 | |||||
| Central | 1.1 (0.67–1.76) | 2.4 (1.45–4.01) | 0.7 (0.28–1.55) | 0.318 | |||
| Atlantic | 2.3 (1.69–3.03) | 2.2 (1.05–4.59) | 0.5 (0.25–1.05) | 0.067 | |||
| Oriental | 1.8 (0.79–3.85) | 0.9 (0.50–1.65) | 1.5 (0.63–3.34) | 0.350 | |||
| Pacific | 1.2 (0.65–2.26) | 1.8 (0.95–3.40) | 1.0 (0.23–4.26) | 0.994 | |||
| Bogotá | 0.9 (0.41–1.99) | NO | NA | NA | |||
| Amazon/Orinoquia | 0.6 (0.31–1.15) | NO | NA | NA | |||
NO: no occurences; NA: not available.
aPR: adjusted prevalence ratio [rural/urban] found in a binomial model, having the wasting prevalence in the weight-for-height indicator, Z < −2, as the independent variable and area as the explanatory variable. Adjustment was applied by the following covariables: gender, age, stunted growth in height-for-age, Z < −2, household chief's educational level, health insurance status, household food insecurity, wealth index, ethnicity and region
Based on ELCSA.
Prevalence of overweight in the weight-for-height indicator (Z > 2) in Colombian children aged between zero and four years per geographic area. Colombia, ENSIN-2015.
| Variable | Urban area (n = 8,735) | Rural area (n = 3,521) | aPR | p | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prevalence (95%CI) | p | Prevalence (95%CI) | p | ||||
| Total | 5.7 (4.98–6.52) | 5.5 (4.20–7.12) | 0.672 | 1.3 (0.83–2.01) | 0.244 | ||
| Gender | 0.013 | 0.093 | |||||
| Male | 6.6 (5.52–7.93) | 6.3 (4.64–8.54) | 1.3 (0.82–2.11) | 0.251 | |||
| Female | 4.7 (3.90–5.73) | 4.6 (3.24–6.48) | 1.3 (0.74–2.27) | 0.360 | |||
| Age group (months) | 0.182 | 0.001 | |||||
| 0–11 | 6.2 (4.63–8.32) | 6.7 (4.56–9.80) | 1.2 (0.73–1.99) | 0.460 | |||
| 12–23 | 6.2 (4.76–8.01) | 7.9 (4.72–12.9) | 2.0 (0.91–4.51) | 0.081 | |||
| 24–35 | 6.5 (4.75–8.85) | 5.3 (3.40–8.14) | 0.8 (0.41–1.74) | 0.639 | |||
| 36–48 | 4.1 (3.07–5.49) | 5.4 (3.02–9.47) | 2.4 (0.80–7.00) | 0.119 | |||
| 48–59 | 5.5 (4.09–7.32) | 2.0 (1.08–3.81) | 0.5 (0.21–1.34) | 0.178 | |||
| Stunted growth (hight-for-age) | 0.132 | 0.239 | |||||
| No | 5.5 (4.77–6.35) | 5.2 (4.10–6.53) | 1.2 (0.85–1.82) | 0.247 | |||
| Yes (Z < −2) | 7.7 (5.06–11.5) | 7.1 (3.86–12.7) | 1.8 (0.57–5.78) | 0.302 | |||
| Household chief's educational level | 0.351 | 0.995 | |||||
| Lower than primary school | 5.9 (4.24–8.19) | 5.2 (3.13–8.65) | 1.4 (0.31–6.32) | 0.656 | |||
| Lower than secondary school | 5.1 (4.03–6.42) | 5.8 (4.23–7.90) | 1.4 (0.92–2.25) | 0.107 | |||
| Lower than higher education | 5.8 (4.81–7.00) | 5.3 (3.49–7.86) | 1.1 (0.68–1.89) | 0.616 | |||
| Higher education or further | 7.9 (4.56–13.4) | NO | NA | NA | |||
| Health insurance | 0.003 | 0.754 | |||||
| Uninsured | 7.0 (5.81–8.43) | 6.3 (3.46–11.1) | 0.8 (0.45–1.52) | 0.562 | |||
| Subsidized | 4.3 (3.52–5.17) | 5.3 (3.81–7.23) | 1.7 (0.85–3.43) | 0.133 | |||
| Contributive/others | 5.5 (3.00–9.78) | 6.2 (3.58–10.4) | 2.0 (0.46–8.73) | 0.342 | |||
| Food insecurity | 0.024 | 0.641 | |||||
| No | 7.2 (5.86–8.88) | 5.0 (3.69–6.81) | 0.7 (0.48–1.18) | 0.210 | |||
| Mild | 4.3 (3.46–5.38) | 6.2 (4.50–8.56) | 1.5 (0.96–2.36) | 0.077 | |||
| Moderate | 6.1 (4.39–8.48) | 6.6 (2.54–15.9) | 3.8 (1.67–8.80) | 0.002 | |||
| Severe | 4.0 (2.43–6.43) | 3.2 (2.01–5.23) | 1.2 (0.52–2.82) | 0.649 | |||
| Wealth index | < 0.001 | 0.677 | |||||
| T1- poorest | 2.6 (1.69–3.85) | 5.2 (4.23–6.33) | 2.0 (1.30–3.19) | 0.002 | |||
| T2 | 5.1 (4.17–6.25) | 6.8 (3.01–14.6) | 1.2 (0.50–3.04) | 0.649 | |||
| T5- wealthiest | 6.7 (5.57–8.07) | 1.5 (0.20–9.97 | 0.2 (0.03–1.38) | 0.102 | |||
| Ethnicity | 0.097 | 0.359 | |||||
| Mestizo | 5.8 (5.02–6.71) | 5.7 (4.12–7.78) | 1.3 (0.75–2.15) | 0.367 | |||
| Black/Afro-descendant | 4.9 (3.20–7.48) | 5.1 (3.19–8.08) | 1.9 (0.75–4.72) | 0.162 | |||
| Indigenous | 2.4 (1.42–4.19) | 4.2 (2.41–7.25) | 2.3 (0.98–5.40) | 0.056 | |||
| Region | 0.704 | 0.121 | |||||
| Central | 6.5 (5.04–8.39) | 7.5 (4.00–13.7) | 1.8 (0.54–6.19) | 0.306 | |||
| Atlantic | 5.0 (4.14–6.05) | 4.4 (3.09–6.12) | 2.4 (1.43–3.95) | 0.003 | |||
| Oriental | 5.8 (3.91–8.64) | 6.2 (3.91–9.71) | 0.7 (0.28–1.53) | 0.305 | |||
| Pacific | 5.3 (3.63–7.81) | 4.8 (3.36–6.69) | 1.2 (0.52–2.60) | 0.680 | |||
| Bogotá | 5.7 (3.95–8.27) | NO | NA | NA | |||
| Amazon/Orinoquia | 5.9 (4.59–7.48) | 0.1 (0.00–1.97) | 7.6 (1.29–44.86) | 0.011 | |||
NO: no occurences; NA: not available.
aPR: adjusted prevalence ratio [rural/urban] found in a binomial model, having the wasting prevalence in the weight-for-height indicator, Z < −2, as the independent variable and area as the explanatory variable. Adjustment was applied by the following covariables: gender, age, stunted growth in height-for-age, Z < −2, household chief's educational level, health insurance, household food insecurity, wealth index, ethnicity and region
Based on ELCSA.
Prevalence of stunted growth in the height-for-age indicator (Z > 2) in Colombian children aged between zero and four years per geographic area. Colombia, ENSIN-2015.
| Variable | Urban area (n = 8,735) | Rural area (n = 3,521) | aPR | p | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prevalence (95%CI) | p | Prevalence (95%CI) | p | ||||
| Total | 9.0 (7.96–10.2) | 15.4 (13.7–17.3) | 0.004 | 1.2 (1.00–1.53) | 0.050 | ||
| Gender | 0.041 | 0.033 | |||||
| Male | 10.0 (8.67–11.6) | 17.4 (15.1–20.0) | 1.2 (0.97–1.59) | 0.087 | |||
| Female | 7.9 (6.52–9.61) | 13.3 (10.8–16.3) | 1.2 (0.85–1.84) | 0.246 | |||
| Age group (months) | 0.102 | 0.010 | |||||
| 0–11 | 5.4 (3.14–9.17) | 8.1 (5.32–12.1) | 2.2 (1.20–3.89) | 0.011 | |||
| 12–23 | 9.4 (7.31–12.1) | 16.2 (12.3–21.2) | 1.4 (0.81–2.52) | 0.220 | |||
| 24–35 | 12.3 (10.0–14.9) | 21.2 (17.3–25.7) | 0.9 (0.68–1.26) | 0.615 | |||
| 36–48 | 9.2 (7.43–11.3) | 16.7 (13.2–21.0) | 0.3 (0.83–2.15) | 0.227 | |||
| 48–59 | 8.8 (7.04–10.9) | 14.2 (11.1–18.1) | 1.2 (0.80–1.72) | 0.401 | |||
| Nutrition situation (weight-for-height) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||||
| Acute malnutrition (Z < −2) | 6.2 (3.14–12.0) | 16.7 (8.76–2.94) | 1.6 (0.40–6.20) | 0.491 | |||
| Normal | 8.9 (7.80–10.1) | 15.1 (13.3–17.1) | 1.2 (0.97–1.51) | 0.093 | |||
| Oerweight (Z > 2) | 12.2 (8.04–18.0) | 20.0 (12.5–30.4) | 1.7 (1.30–2.33) | < 0.001 | |||
| Household chief's educational level | < 0.001 | 0.020 | |||||
| Lower than primary school | 10.5 (8.14–13.4) | 18.3 (15.7–21.2) | 1.7 (1.21–2.50) | 0.003 | |||
| Lower than secondary school | 11.4 (9.33–13.9) | 13.0 (10.4–16.2) | 0.8 (0.58–1.20) | 0.326 | |||
| Lower than higher education | 7.3 (6.15–8.72) | 12.4 (8.02–18.6) | 1.5 (1.03–2.10) | 0.034 | |||
| Higher education or further | 4.8 (2.76–8.09) | 11.8 (2.22–44.0) | 2.3 (0.87–6.00) | 0.089 | |||
| Health insurance status | 0.011 | 0.639 | |||||
| Uninsured | 7.3 (5.78–9.16) | 13.3 (9.04–19.2) | 1.8 (1.07–2.94) | 0.027 | |||
| Subsidized | 10.5 (9.17–11.9) | 16.0 (14.1–18.1) | 1.1 (0.90–1.42) | 0.301 | |||
| Contributive/others | 9.0 (5.97–13.5) | 12.9 (8.48–19.2) | NA | NA | |||
| Food insecurity | 0.081 | < 0.001 | |||||
| No | 8.6 (6.76–10.8) | 10.2 (7.96–13.0) | 0.8 (0.53–1.19) | 0.252 | |||
| Mild | 8.1 (6.72–9.84) | 13.1 (10.3–16.5) | 1.1 (0.79–1.65) | 0.470 | |||
| Moderate | 11.0 (8.92–13.5) | 18.8 (14.7–23.6) | 1.7 (1.09–2.59) | 0.019 | |||
| Severe | 11.8 (8.72–15.8) | 28.4 (24.3–33.0) | 1.5 (1.01–2.26) | 0.044 | |||
| Wealth index | 0.001 | 0.089 | |||||
| T1- poorest | 13.5 (10.8–16.8) | 16.3 (14.5–18.3) | 1.2 (0.91–1.52) | 0.203 | |||
| T2 | 10.0 (8.61–11.6) | 12.5 (7.99–19.0) | 1.3 (0.82–2.03) | 0.264 | |||
| T5- wealthiest | 7.5 (5.96–9.32) | 11.1 (1.58–49.1) | NA | NA | |||
| Ethnicity | 0.720 | < 0.001 | |||||
| Mestizo | 9.0 (7.88–10.3) | 12.8 (11.0–14.9) | 1.0 (0.79–1.35) | 0.796 | |||
| Black/Afro-descendant | 5.7 (3.78–8.60) | 10.7 (7.97–14.3) | 1.4 (0.68–3.00) | 0.319 | |||
| Indigenous | 17.8 (11.9–25.8) | 34.0 (29.1–39.3) | 1.3 (0.75–2.34) | 0.312 | |||
| Region | 0.008 | 0.337 | |||||
| Central | 7.1 (5.53–9.15) | 15.5 (12.1–19.5) | 2.0 (1.02–3.76) | 0.043 | |||
| Atlantic | 8.7 (7.38–10.3) | 19.4 (16.7–22.4) | 1.0 (0.73–1.31) | 0.863 | |||
| Oriental | 8.3 (5.96–11.5) | 11.6 (8.93–14.8) | 0.9 (0.55–1.65) | 0.840 | |||
| Pacific | 7.5 (5.55–10.1) | 13.9 (9.77–19.4) | 1.4 (0.71–2.70) | 0.303 | |||
| Bogotá | 13.1 (9.43–17.9) | NO | NA | NA | |||
| Amazon/Orinoquia | 10.4 (8.93–12.1) | 16.2 (6.23–36.1) | NA | NA | |||
NO: no occurences; NA: not available.
aPR: adjusted prevalence ratio [rural/urban] found in a binomial model, having the wasting prevalence in the weight-for-height indicator, Z < −2, as the independent variable and area as the explanatory variable. Adjustment was applied by the following covariables: gender, age, stunted growth in height-for-age, Z < −2, household chief's educational level, health insurance, household food insecurity, wealth index, ethnicity and region
Based on ELCSA.
Características por área geográfica donde habitan menores de cinco años. Colombia, ENSIN–2015.
| Variable | Urbano | Rural | RP (IC95%) | p | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Prevalencia (IC95%) | n | Prevalencia (IC95%) | ||||
| Sexo | |||||||
| Hombre | 4.473 | 51,5 (49,7–53,3) | 1.808 | 51,4 (49,1–53,6) | 1,0 (0,97–1,03) | 0,928 | |
| Mujer | 4.378 | 48,5 (46,7–50,3) | 1.752 | 48,6 (46,4–50,9) | 1,0 (0,97–1,03) | 0,955 | |
| Grupo de edad (meses) | |||||||
| 0–11 | 1.740 | 20,1 (18,8–21,4) | 657 | 19,3 (17,7–21,1) | 1,0 (0,95–1,08) | 0,668 | |
| 12–23 | 1.753 | 19,9 (18,8–21,2) | 675 | 19,8 (18,2–21,5) | 1,0 (0,94–1,06) | 0,975 | |
| 24–35 | 1.815 | 19,8 (18,4–21,2) | 733 | 20,9 (18,7–23,3) | 1,0 (0,92–1,04) | 0,533 | |
| 36–48 | 1.698 | 19,5 (18,3–20,8) | 754 | 20,7 (18,9–22,6) | 1,0 (0,91–1,05) | 0,493 | |
| 48–59 | 1.845 | 20,7 (19,4–22,1) | 741 | 19,3 (17,8–21,0) | 1,0 (0,97–1,09) | 0,422 | |
| Índice de riqueza | |||||||
| T1- los más pobres | 1.953 | 9,6 (8,2–11,3) | 2.995 | 76,9 (72,5–80,8) | 0,1 (0,09–0,12) | < 0,001 | |
| T2 | 3.679 | 37,9 (35,6–40,3) | 542 | 21,7 (18,0–26,0) | 1,1 (1,07–1,12) | < 0,001 | |
| T5- los más ricos | 3.219 | 52,5 (50,0–54,9) | 23 | 1,4 (0,9–2,3) | 1,0 (1,01–1,02) | < 0,001 | |
| Escolaridad del jefe | |||||||
| Menos de primaria | 1.589 | 15,4 (14,1–16,8) | 1.697 | 46,6 (42,7–50,6) | 0,9 (0,82–0,94) | < 0,001 | |
| Menos de secundaria | 2.798 | 33,0 (31,0–35,1) | 1.218 | 33,7 (31,1–36,4) | 1,0 (0,95–1,03) | 0,673 | |
| Menos de superior | 3.787 | 43,8 (41,7–45,9) | 583 | 19,2 (16,4–22,3) | 1,1 (1,12–1,17) | < 0,001 | |
| Universidad o más | 607 | 7,8 (6,2–9,8) | 27 | 0,5 (0,3–0,8) | 1,0 (0,98–1,07) | 0,478 | |
| Inseguridad Alimentaria | |||||||
| No | 3.194 | 40,4 (38,3–42,6) | 969 | 31,7 (28,6–34,9) | 1,1 (1,05–1,13) | < 0,001 | |
| Leve | 3.282 | 37,6 (35,5–39,6) | 1.236 | 35,7 (32,9–38,7) | 1,0 (0,99–1,07) | 0,234 | |
| Moderada | 1.437 | 13,4 (12,3–14,6) | 690 | 18,3 (16,1–20,7) | 0,9 (0,80–0,97) | 0,004 | |
| Severa | 936 | 8,6 (7,5–9,9) | 660 | 14,3 (11,9–17,0) | 0,8 (0,65–0,90) | < 0,001 | |
| Disponibilidad de agua | |||||||
| Acueducto público | 6.171 | 84,6 (82,3–86,4) | 634 | 22,6 (19,3–26,2) | 1,5 (1,42–1,53) | < 0,001 | |
| Pozo o comunal | 353 | 1,5 (1,04–2,03) | 1.166 | 34,0 (29,7–38,7) | 0,0 (0,02–0,10) | < 0,001 | |
| Agua embotellada | 1.311 | 10,0 (8,67–11,6) | 161 | 4,1 (3,05–5,60) | 1,1 (1,03–1,12) | 0,020 | |
| Otro | 1.016 | 3,9 (2,98–5,15) | 1.599 | 39,3 (34,4–44,3) | 0,9 (0,84–0,91) | < 0,001 | |
| Alcantarillado | |||||||
| Si | 6924 | 89,9 (88,0–91,5) | 378 | 16,2 (12,5–20,6) | 3,1 (2,96–3,35) | <0,001 | |
| No | 1.927 | 10,1 (8,5–12,0) | 3.182 | 83,8 (79,4–87,5) | 0,0 (0,03–0,05) | <0,001 | |
| Diarrea | |||||||
| Si | 1.057 | 29,0 (26,6–31,6) | 428 | 38,0 (32,6–43,6) | 1,2 (1,08–1,27) | < 0,001 | |
| No | 2.314 | 71,0 (68,4–73,4) | 703 | 62,0 (56,4–67,4) | 1,1 (1,06–1,16) | < 0,001 | |
| Infección respiratoria | |||||||
| Si | 2.634 | 79,8 (77,6–81,8) | 873 | 77,6 (72,9–81,6) | 1,0 (0,99–1,09) | 0,155 | |
| No | 737 | 20,2 (18,2–22,4) | 258 | 22,4 (18,4–27,1) | 1,0 (0,88–1,06) | 0,441 | |
RP: razón de prevalencia [urbano/rural].
Con base la ELCSA.
En los últimos quince días, por auto reporte.
Prevalencia de déficit en el indicador peso/talla (Z < −2) en niños colombianos entre cero y cuatro años por área geográfica. Colombia, ENSIN–2015.
| Variable | Urbano (n = 8.735) | Rural (n = 3.521) | RPaj | p | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prevalencia (IC95%) | p | Prevalencia (IC95%) | p | ||||
| Total | 1,4 (1,13–1,83) | 1,8 (1,29–2,57) | 0,282 | 0,7 (0,44–1,10) | 0,120 | ||
| Sexo | 0,753 | 0,766 | |||||
| Hombre | 1,5 (1,12–2,00) | 1,9 (1,13–3,25) | 0,8 (0,40–165) | 0,563 | |||
| Mujer | 1,4 (0,94–2,04) | 1,7 (1,07–2,76) | 0,6 (0,31–1,10) | 0,093 | |||
| Grupo de edad (meses) | 0,001 | 0,004 | |||||
| 0–11 | 2,4 (1,64–3,47) | 2,9 (1,31–6,50) | 0,6 (0,25–1,37) | 0,211 | |||
| 12–23 | 1,7 (1,12–2,61) | 2,7 (1,41–4,98) | 0,5 (0,25–1,13) | 0,099 | |||
| 24–35 | 1,5 (0,75–3,19) | 1,5 (0,60–3,70) | 0,9 (0,33–2,34) | 0,790 | |||
| 36–48 | 0,5 (0,02–1,02) | 1,9 (1,00–3,72) | 4,7 (0,65–33,65) | 0,124 | |||
| 48–59 | 1,1 (0,67–1,86) | 0,0 (0,00–0,34) | 0,0 (0,00–0,32) | 0,004 | |||
| Retraso en talla (T/E) | 0,272 | 0,798 | |||||
| No | 1,5 (1,16–1,91) | 1,8 (1,21–2,66) | 0,7 (0,41–1,36) | 0,139 | |||
| Si (Z < −2) | 1,0 (0,50–1,98) | 2,0 (1,06–3,65) | 0,7 (0,28–1,91) | 0,511 | |||
| Escolaridad del jefe | 0,984 | 0,058 | |||||
| Menos de primaria | 1,5 (0,90–2,54) | 2,7 (1,76–4,06) | 1,0 (0,44–2,14) | 0,944 | |||
| Menos de secundaria | 1,2 (0,80–1,75) | 0,9 (0,37–2,29) | 0,3 (0,12–0,77) | 0,013 | |||
| Menos de superior | 1,8 (1,24–2,61) | 1,3 (0,57–3,12) | 0,6 (0,22–1,62) | 0,303 | |||
| Universidad o más | 0,6 (0,25–1,24) | no | nd | nd | |||
| Tipo de aseguramiento | 0,009 | < 0,001 | |||||
| Sin aseguramiento | 1,1 (0,64–1,70) | 0,2 (0,00–0,73) | 0,1 (0,04–0,31) | < 0,001 | |||
| Subsidiado | 1,7 (1,26–2,19) | 2,2 (1,51–3,13) | 0,8 (0,50–1,40) | 0,490 | |||
| Contributivo/otro | 4,1 (2,12–5,46) | 1,5 (0,47–4,57) | 0,2 (0,05–0,84) | 0,029 | |||
| Inseguridad Alimentaria | 0,114 | 0,132 | |||||
| No | 1,2 (0,68–1,99) | 1,7 (0,84–3,30) | 1,1 (0,45–2,57) | 0,872 | |||
| Leve | 1,5 (1,09–2,10) | 1,2 (0,69–2,12) | 0,4 (0,19–0,97) | 0,043 | |||
| Moderada | 1,5 (0,84–2,67) | 1,5 (0,72–3,08) | 0,4 (0,14–0,92) | 0,034 | |||
| Severa | 2,3 (1,34–4,02) | 4,1 (1,99–8,34) | 0,8 (0,38–1,58) | 0,476 | |||
| Índice de riqueza | 0,010 | 0,077 | |||||
| T1- los más pobres | 2,8 (1,76–4,60) | 2,2 (1,54–3,19) | 0,7 (0,40–1,26) | 0,239 | |||
| T2 | 1,6 (1,16–2,19) | 0,6 (0,12–2,58) | 0,4 (0,07–1,70) | 0,190 | |||
| T5- los más ricos | 1,1 (0,67–1,70) | no | nd | nd | |||
| Etnia | 0,119 | 0,174 | |||||
| Mestizo | 1,3 (1,01–1,76) | 1,6 (1,13–2,31) | 0,6 (0,36–1,05) | 0,072 | |||
| Negro/Afro | 2,5 (1,47–4,33) | 1,1 (0,41–2,77) | 0,3 (0,07–1,58) | 0,152 | |||
| Indígena | 1,0 (0,32–3,37) | 3,6 (1,41–8,92) | 1,5 (0,44–5,33) | 0,473 | |||
| Región | 0,116 | 0,068 | |||||
| Central | 1,1 (0,67–1,76) | 2,4 (1,45–4,01) | 0,7 (0,28–1,55) | 0,318 | |||
| Atlántico | 2,3 (1,69–3,03) | 2,2 (1,05–4,59) | 0,5 (0,25–1,05) | 0,067 | |||
| Oriental | 1,8 (0,79–3,85) | 0,9 (0,50–1,65) | 1,5 (0,63–3,34) | 0,350 | |||
| Pacífico | 1,2 (0,65–2,26) | 1,8 (0,95–3,40) | 1,0 (0,23–4,26) | 0,994 | |||
| Bogotá | 0,9 (0,41–1,99) | no | nd | nd | |||
| Amazonía/Orinoquia | 0,6 (0,31–1,15) | no | nd | nd | |||
no: sin observaciones; nd: no disponible.
RPaj: razón de prevalencia ajustada [rural/urbano] alcanzadas en un modelo binomial, con la prevalencia de déficit en el indicador P/T, Z < −2, como la variable dependiente y el área como la principal explicación. El ajuste se realizó por las siguientes covariables: el sexo, la edad, el retraso en talla T/E, Z < −2, el nivel de escolaridad del jefe del hogar, el tipo de aseguramiento, el nivel de inseguridad alimentaria del hogar, el índice de riqueza, la etnia y la región.
Con base la ELCSA.
Prevalencia de exceso en el indicador peso/talla (Z > 2) en niños colombianos entre cero y cuatro años por área geográfica. Colombia, ENSIN–2015.
| Variable | Urbano (n = 8.735) | Rural (n = 3.521) | RPaj | p | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prevalencia (IC95%) | p | Prevalencia (IC95%) | p | ||||
| Total | 5,7 (4,98–6,52) | 5,5 (4,20–7,12) | 0,672 | 1,3 (0,83–2,01) | 0,244 | ||
| Sexo | 0,013 | 0,093 | |||||
| Hombre | 6,6 (5,52–7,93) | 6,3 (4,64–8,54) | 1,3 (0,82–2,11) | 0,251 | |||
| Mujer | 4,7 (3,90–5,73) | 4,6 (3,24–6,48) | 1,3 (0,74–2,27) | 0,360 | |||
| Grupo de edad (meses) | 0,182 | 0,001 | |||||
| 0–11 | 6,2 (4,63–8,32) | 6,7 (4,56–9,80) | 1,2 (0,73–1,99) | 0,460 | |||
| 12–23 | 6,2 (4,76–8,01) | 7,9 (4,72–12,9) | 2,0 (0,91–4,51) | 0,081 | |||
| 24–35 | 6,5 (4,75–8,85) | 5,3 (3,40–8,14) | 0,8 (0,41–1,74) | 0,639 | |||
| 36–48 | 4,1 (3,07–5,49) | 5,4 (3,02–9,47) | 2,4 (0,80–7,00) | 0,119 | |||
| 48–59 | 5,5 (4,09–7,32) | 2,0 (1,08–3,81) | 0,5 (0,21–1,34) | 0,178 | |||
| Retraso en talla (T/E) | 0,132 | 0,239 | |||||
| No | 5,5 (4,77–6,35) | 5,2 (4,10–6,53) | 1,2 (0,85–1,82) | 0,247 | |||
| Si (Z < −2) | 7,7 (5,06–11,5) | 7,1 (3,86–12,7) | 1,8 (0,57–5,78) | 0,302 | |||
| Escolaridad del jefe | 0,351 | 0,995 | |||||
| Menos de primaria | 5,9 (4,24–8,19) | 5,2 (3,13–8,65) | 1,4 (0,31–6,32) | 0,656 | |||
| Menos de secundaria | 5,1 (4,03–6,42) | 5,8 (4,23–7,90) | 1,4 (0,92–2,25) | 0,107 | |||
| Menos de superior | 5,8 (4,81–7,00) | 5,3 (3,49–7,86) | 1,1 (0,68–1,89) | 0,616 | |||
| Universidad o más | 7,9 (4,56–13,4) | no | nd | nd | |||
| Tipo de aseguramiento | 0,003 | 0,754 | |||||
| Sin aseguramiento | 7,0 (5,81–8,43) | 6,3 (3,46–11,1) | 0,8 (0,45–1,52) | 0,562 | |||
| Subsidiado | 4,3 (3,52–5,17) | 5,3 (3,81–7,23) | 1,7 (0,85–3,43) | 0,133 | |||
| Contributivo/otro | 5,5 (3,00–9,78) | 6,2 (3,58–10,4) | 2,0 (0,46–8,73) | 0,342 | |||
| Inseguridad alimentaria | 0,024 | 0,641 | |||||
| No | 7,2 (5,86–8,88) | 5,0 (3,69–6,81) | 0,7 (0,48–1,18) | 0,210 | |||
| Leve | 4,3 (3,46–5,38) | 6,2 (4,50–8,56) | 1,5 (0,96–2,36) | 0,077 | |||
| Moderada | 6,1 (4,39–8,48) | 6,6 (2,54–15,9) | 3,8 (1,67–8,80) | 0,002 | |||
| Severa | 4,0 (2,43–6,43) | 3,2 (2,01–5,23) | 1,2 (0,52–2,82) | 0,649 | |||
| Índice de riqueza | <0,001 | 0,677 | |||||
| T1- los más pobres | 2,6 (1,69–3,85) | 5,2 (4,23–6,33) | 2,0 (1,30–3,19) | 0,002 | |||
| T2 | 5,1 (4,17–6,25) | 6,8 (3,01–14,6) | 1,2 (0,50–3,04) | 0,649 | |||
| T5- los más ricos | 6,7 (5,57–8,07) | 1,5 (0,20–9,97 | 0,2 (0,03–1,38) | 0,102 | |||
| Etnia | 0,097 | 0,359 | |||||
| Mestizo | 5,8 (5,02–6,71) | 5,7 (4,12–7,78) | 1,3 (0,75–2,15) | 0,367 | |||
| Negro/Afro | 4,9 (3,20–7,48) | 5,1 (3,19–8,08) | 1,9 (0,75–4,72) | 0,162 | |||
| Indígena | 2,4 (1,42–4,19) | 4,2 (2,41–7,25) | 2,3 (0,98–5,40) | 0,056 | |||
| Región | 0,704 | 0,121 | |||||
| Central | 6,5 (5,04–8,39) | 7,5 (4,00–13,7) | 1,8 (0,54–6,19) | 0,306 | |||
| Atlántico | 5,0 (4,14–6,05) | 4,4 (3,09–6,12) | 2,4 (1,43–3,95) | 0,003 | |||
| Oriental | 5,8 (3,91–8,64) | 6,2 (3,91–9,71) | 0,7 (0,28–1,53) | 0,305 | |||
| Pacífico | 5,3 (3,63–7,81) | 4,8 (3,36–6,69) | 1,2 (0,52–2,60) | 0,680 | |||
| Bogotá | 5,7 (3,95–8,27) | no | nd | nd | |||
| Amazonía/Orinoquia | 5,9 (4,59–7,48) | 0,1 (0,00–1,97) | 7,6 (1,29–44,86) | 0,011 | |||
no: sin observaciones; nd: no disponible.
RPaj: razón de prevalencia ajustada [rural/urbano] alcanzadas en un modelo binomial, con la prevalencia de déficit en el indicador P/T, Z < −2, como la variable dependiente y el área como la principal explicación. El ajuste se realizó por las siguientes covariables: el sexo, la edad, el retraso en talla T/E, Z < −2, el nivel de escolaridad del jefe del hogar, el tipo de aseguramiento, el nivel de inseguridad alimentaria del hogar, el índice de riqueza, la etnia y la región.
Con base la ELCSA.
Prevalencia de déficit en el indicador talla/edad (Z > -2) en niños colombianos entre cero y cuatro años por área geográfica. Colombia, ENSIN-2015.
| Variable | Urbano (n = 8.735) | Rural (n = 3.521) | RPaj | p | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prevalencia (IC95%) | p | Prevalencia (IC95%) | p | ||||
| Total | 9,0 (7,96–10,2) | 15,4 (13,7–17,3) | 0,004 | 1,2 (1,00–1,53) | 0,050 | ||
| Sexo | 0,041 | 0,033 | |||||
| Hombre | 10,0 (8,67–11,6) | 17,4 (15,1–20,0) | 1,2 (0,97–1,59) | 0,087 | |||
| Mujer | 7,9 (6,52–9,61) | 13,3 (10,8–16,3) | 1,2 (0,85–1,84) | 0,246 | |||
| Grupo de edad (meses) | 0,102 | 0,010 | |||||
| 0–11 | 5,4 (3,14–9,17) | 8,1 (5,32–12,1) | 2,2 (1,20–3,89) | 0,011 | |||
| 12–23 | 9,4 (7,31–12,1) | 16,2 (12,3–21,2) | 1,4 (0,81–2,52) | 0,220 | |||
| 24–35 | 12,3 (10,0–14,9) | 21,2 (17,3–25,7) | 0,9 (0,68–1,26) | 0,615 | |||
| 36–48 | 9,2 (7,43–11,3) | 16,7 (13,2–21,0) | 0,3 (0,83–2,15) | 0,227 | |||
| 48–59 | 8,8 (7,04–10,9) | 14,2 (11,1–18,1) | 1,2 (0,80–1,72) | 0,401 | |||
| Estado nutrición (P/T) | < 0,001 | < 0,001 | |||||
| DNT aguda (Z < −2) | 6,2 (3,14–12,0) | 16,7 (8,76–2,94) | 1,6 (0,40–6,20) | 0,491 | |||
| Normal | 8,9 (7,80–10,1) | 15,1 (13,3–17,1) | 1,2 (0,97–1,51) | 0,093 | |||
| Exceso (Z > 2) | 12,2 (8,04–18,0) | 20,0 (12,5–30,4) | 1,7 (1,30–2,33) | < 0,001 | |||
| Escolaridad del jefe | < 0,001 | 0,020 | |||||
| Menos de primaria | 10,5 (8,14–13,4) | 18,3 (15,7–21,2) | 1,7 (1,21–2,50) | 0,003 | |||
| Menos de secundaria | 11,4 (9,33–13,9) | 13,0 (10,4–16,2) | 0,8 (0,58–1,20) | 0,326 | |||
| Menos de superior | 7,3 (6,15–8,72) | 12,4 (8,02–18,6) | 1,5 (1,03–2,10) | 0,034 | |||
| Universidad o más | 4,8 (2,76–8,09) | 11,8 (2,22–44,0) | 2,3 (0,87–6,00) | 0,089 | |||
| Tipo de aseguramiento | 0,011 | 0,639 | |||||
| Sin aseguramiento | 7,3 (5,78–9,16) | 13,3 (9,04–19,2) | 1,8 (1,07–2,94) | 0,027 | |||
| Subsidiado | 10,5 (9,17–11,9) | 16,0 (14,1–18,1) | 1,1 (0,90–1,42) | 0,301 | |||
| Contributivo/otro | 9,0 (5,97–13,5) | 12,9 (8,48–19,2) | nd | nd | |||
| Inseguridad alimentaria | 0,081 | < 0,001 | |||||
| No | 8,6 (6,76–10,8) | 10,2 (7,96–13,0) | 0,8 (0,53–1,19) | 0,252 | |||
| Leve | 8,1 (6,72–9,84) | 13,1 (10,3–16,5) | 1,1 (0,79–1,65) | 0,470 | |||
| Moderada | 11,0 (8,92–13,5) | 18,8 (14,7–23,6) | 1,7 (1,09–2,59) | 0,019 | |||
| Severa | 11,8 (8,72–15,8) | 28,4 (24,3–33,0) | 1,5 (1,01–2,26) | 0,044 | |||
| Índice de riqueza | 0,001 | 0,089 | |||||
| T1- los más pobres | 13,5 (10,8–16,8) | 16,3 (14,5–18,3) | 1,2 (0,91–1,52) | 0,203 | |||
| T2 | 10,0 (8,61–11,6) | 12,5 (7,99–19,0) | 1,3 (0,82–2,03) | 0,264 | |||
| T5- los más ricos | 7,5 (5,96–9,32) | 11,1 (1,58–49,1) | nd | nd | |||
| Etnia | 0,720 | < 0,001 | |||||
| Mestizo | 9,0 (7,88–10,3) | 12,8 (11,0–14,9) | 1,0 (0,79–1,35) | 0,796 | |||
| Negro/Afro | 5,7 (3,78–8,60) | 10,7 (7,97–14,3) | 1,4 (0,68–3,00) | 0,319 | |||
| Indígena | 17,8 (11,9–25,8) | 34,0 (29,1–39,3) | 1,3 (0,75–2,34) | 0,312 | |||
| Región | 0,008 | 0,337 | |||||
| Central | 7,1 (5,53–9,15) | 15,5 (12,1–19,5) | 2,0 (1,02–3,76) | 0,043 | |||
| Atlántico | 8,7 (7,38–10,3) | 19,4 (16,7–22,4) | 1,0 (0,73–1,31) | 0,863 | |||
| Oriental | 8,3 (5,96–11,5) | 11,6 (8,93–14,8) | 0,9 (0,55–1,65) | 0,840 | |||
| Pacífico | 7,5 (5,55–10,1) | 13,9 (9,77–19,4) | 1,4 (0,71–2,70) | 0,303 | |||
| Bogotá | 13,1 (9,43–17,9) | no | nd | nd | |||
| Amazonía/Orinoquia | 10,4 (8,93–12,1) | 16,2 (6,23–36,1) | nd | nd | |||
no: sin observaciones; nd: no disponible.
RPaj: razón de prevalencia ajustada [rural/urbano] alcanzadas en un modelo binomial, con la prevalencia de déficit en el indicador P/T, Z < −2, como la variable dependiente y el área como la principal explicación. El ajuste se realizó por las siguientes covariables: el sexo, la edad, el estado de nutrición P/T, el nivel de escolaridad del jefe del hogar, el tipo de aseguramiento, el nivel de inseguridad alimentaria del hogar, el índice de riqueza, la etnia y la región.
Con base la ELCSA.