Impacts of bamboo biochar on the phytoremediation potential of Salix psammophila grown in multi-metals contaminated soil.

We investigated the effects of bamboo biochar (BBC) as soil amendment on growth and phytoremediation potential of Salix psammophila in soil heavily polluted by Cd and Zn. Bamboo biochar was added to soil at ratios ranging from 1 to 7% (w/w), which significantly increased the organic matter, available potassium (K) content, while decreased the hydrolyzable nitrogen (N) content and the levels of total and bioavailable HMs in soil. The BBC amendment at ratios of 1% to 5% showed little effect on growth of plant, whereas at 7% ratio significantly decreased biomass compared to the control. BBC amendment stimulated the accumulation of Cu, Cd and Zn in plant tissues, meanwhile, Cd and Zn accumulation were more evident, especially in the BBC-3% treatment. BBC amendment improved the TF and BCF values of Cd, Zn and Cu compared to control. Higher BCF for Cd (BCF >1) and TF for Zn (TF >1) values indicate Salix psammophila have considerable potential for phytoremediation efficiency in BBC amended soil treatment. This study provides practical evidence of the efficient BBC-assisted phytoremediation capability of Salix psammophila and highlights its potential as a viable and inexpensive approach for in situ remediation.