Achieng Tago1, Lyle R McKinnon2,3,4, Tabitha Wanjiru2, Festus Muriuki2, Julius Munyao2, Gloria Gakii2, Maureen Akolo2, Anthony Kariri2, Neil Reed1, Souradet Y Shaw5,6, Lawrence J Gelmon2,3, Joshua Kimani2,3. 1. Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences. 2. Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada. 3. University of Nairobi Institute of Tropical and Infectious Diseases (UNITID), University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya. 4. Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa. 5. Centre for Global Public Health (CGPH), University of Manitoba. 6. Winnipeg Regional Health Authority (WRHA), Winnipeg, Canada.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Empirical time trends in HIV prevalence in female sex workers (FSWs) are helpful to understand the evolving HIV epidemic, and to monitor the scale-up, coverage, and impact of ongoing HIV prevention and treatment programmes. DESIGN: Serial HIV prevalence study. METHODS: We analyzed time trends in HIV prevalence in FSWs accessing services at seven Sex Worker Outreach Programme (SWOP) clinics in Nairobi from 2008 to 2017 (N = 33 560). The Mantel--Haenszel test for trend and independent samples Kruskal--Wallis test were used to analyze categorical and continuous variables, respectively. Multivariable binomial regression was used to estimate prevalence ratios/year, adjusting for several covariates. RESULTS: HIV prevalence decreased over time in all age groups. This was particularly evident among FSWs less than 25 years of age; HIV was 17.5% in 2008-2009, decreasing to 12.2% in 2010-2011, 8.3% in 2012-2013, 7.3% in 2014-2015, and 4.8% in 2016-2017 (P < 0.0001). Over time, FSWs reported increased condom use, particularly with regular partners, more frequent prior HIV testing, and were less likely to report a history of vaginal discharge (P < 0.0001). In adjusted analyses compared with 2008, HIV prevalence decreased in 2011 (aPR 0.64; 95% CI: 0.46-0.90), 2012 (aPR 0.58; 95% CI: 0.41-0.81), 2013 (aPR 0.53; 95% CI: 0.38-0.73), 2014 (aPR 0.48; 95% CI: 0.34-0.67), 2015 (aPR 0.50; 95% CI: 0.35-0.70), 2016 (aPR 0.40; 95% CI: 0.28-0.57), and 2017 (aPR 0.33; 95% CI: 0.22-0.50). CONCLUSION: HIV prevalence has decreased among FSW accessing SWOP in Nairobi, Kenya. This decline is consistent with the scale-up of HIV prevention and treatment efforts, both in FSWs and in the general population.
OBJECTIVES: Empirical time trends in HIV prevalence in female sex workers (FSWs) are helpful to understand the evolving HIV epidemic, and to monitor the scale-up, coverage, and impact of ongoing HIV prevention and treatment programmes. DESIGN: Serial HIV prevalence study. METHODS: We analyzed time trends in HIV prevalence in FSWs accessing services at seven Sex Worker Outreach Programme (SWOP) clinics in Nairobi from 2008 to 2017 (N = 33 560). The Mantel--Haenszel test for trend and independent samples Kruskal--Wallis test were used to analyze categorical and continuous variables, respectively. Multivariable binomial regression was used to estimate prevalence ratios/year, adjusting for several covariates. RESULTS: HIV prevalence decreased over time in all age groups. This was particularly evident among FSWs less than 25 years of age; HIV was 17.5% in 2008-2009, decreasing to 12.2% in 2010-2011, 8.3% in 2012-2013, 7.3% in 2014-2015, and 4.8% in 2016-2017 (P < 0.0001). Over time, FSWs reported increased condom use, particularly with regular partners, more frequent prior HIV testing, and were less likely to report a history of vaginal discharge (P < 0.0001). In adjusted analyses compared with 2008, HIV prevalence decreased in 2011 (aPR 0.64; 95% CI: 0.46-0.90), 2012 (aPR 0.58; 95% CI: 0.41-0.81), 2013 (aPR 0.53; 95% CI: 0.38-0.73), 2014 (aPR 0.48; 95% CI: 0.34-0.67), 2015 (aPR 0.50; 95% CI: 0.35-0.70), 2016 (aPR 0.40; 95% CI: 0.28-0.57), and 2017 (aPR 0.33; 95% CI: 0.22-0.50). CONCLUSION: HIV prevalence has decreased among FSW accessing SWOP in Nairobi, Kenya. This decline is consistent with the scale-up of HIV prevention and treatment efforts, both in FSWs and in the general population.
Authors: Mercy Kamau; Abednego Musau; Daniel Were; Gladys Waruguru; Mark Kabue; Jane Mutegi; Marya Plotkin; Jason Reed Journal: Front Glob Womens Health Date: 2022-02-21
Authors: George M Nduva; Frederick Otieno; Joshua Kimani; Elizabeth Wahome; Lyle R McKinnon; Francois Cholette; Maxwell Majiwa; Moses Masika; Gaudensia Mutua; Omu Anzala; Susan M Graham; Larry Gelmon; Matt A Price; Adrian D Smith; Robert C Bailey; Guy Baele; Philippe Lemey; Amin S Hassan; Eduard J Sanders; Joakim Esbjörnsson Journal: Virus Evol Date: 2022-03-03
Authors: Harriet S Jones; Bernadette Hensen; Sithembile Musemburi; Lilian Chinyanganya; Albert Takaruza; Sungai T Chabata; Primrose Matambanadzo; Brian Rice; Frances M Cowan; James R Hargreaves Journal: J Int AIDS Soc Date: 2022-07 Impact factor: 6.707