David C Colston1, Andrea R Titus2, James F Thrasher3, Michael R Elliott4, Nancy L Fleischer2. 1. Department of Epidemiology, Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Electronic address: colstodc@umich.edu. 2. Department of Epidemiology, Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. 3. Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina; Department of Tobacco Research, Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico. 4. Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The goal of the paper is to characterize the geographic and sociodemographic patterns of policies prohibiting tobacco sales to people aged <21 years (i.e., Tobacco 21) at the local, county, and state levels in the U.S. before the national law. METHODS: This study assessed area-level markers for region, race/ethnicity, education, poverty status, and smoke-free law coverage as predictors of Tobacco 21 passage as of December 20, 2019, using modified Poisson and negative binomial regression models with robust SEs. Data were analyzed in 2020. RESULTS: Before the passage of the national policy, 191 million people were covered by Tobacco 21 laws. Counties with higher percentages of non-Hispanic Blacks and individuals living below the poverty line had a lower probability of coverage, whereas counties with higher percentages of Hispanics/Latinxs and individuals with a college degree had a higher probability of coverage. Tobacco 21 coverage also varied by region, with far greater coverage in the Northeast than in the Midwest and South. CONCLUSIONS: The national Tobacco 21 law may address disparities in coverage by SES, race/ethnicity, and region that could have lasting implications with regard to health equity.
INTRODUCTION: The goal of the paper is to characterize the geographic and sociodemographic patterns of policies prohibiting tobacco sales to people aged <21 years (i.e., Tobacco 21) at the local, county, and state levels in the U.S. before the national law. METHODS: This study assessed area-level markers for region, race/ethnicity, education, poverty status, and smoke-free law coverage as predictors of Tobacco 21 passage as of December 20, 2019, using modified Poisson and negative binomial regression models with robust SEs. Data were analyzed in 2020. RESULTS: Before the passage of the national policy, 191 million people were covered by Tobacco 21 laws. Counties with higher percentages of non-Hispanic Blacks and individuals living below the poverty line had a lower probability of coverage, whereas counties with higher percentages of Hispanics/Latinxs and individuals with a college degree had a higher probability of coverage. Tobacco 21 coverage also varied by region, with far greater coverage in the Northeast than in the Midwest and South. CONCLUSIONS: The national Tobacco 21 law may address disparities in coverage by SES, race/ethnicity, and region that could have lasting implications with regard to health equity.
Authors: Jonathan P Winickoff; Robert McMillen; Susanne Tanski; Karen Wilson; Mark Gottlieb; Robert Crane Journal: Tob Control Date: 2015-02-20 Impact factor: 7.552
Authors: Mariaelena Gonzalez; Ashley Sanders-Jackson; Anna V Song; Kai-wen Cheng; Stanton A Glantz Journal: Am J Public Health Date: 2013-03-14 Impact factor: 9.308
Authors: David C Colston; Yanmei Xie; Megan E Patrick; James F Thrasher; Andrea R Titus; Michael R Elliott; David T Levy; Nancy L Fleischer Journal: Prev Med Rep Date: 2022-03-19