Anica C Law1, Alison E Turnbull2. 1. Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Center for Healthcare Delivery Science, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Smith Center for Outcomes Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA. Electronic address: alaw1@bidmc.harvard.edu. 2. Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Outcomes After Critical Illness and Surgery (OACIS) Group, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.