Paras Ahmed1, Ishfaq A Bukhari2, Refal Albaijan3, Saeed A Sheikh2, Fahim Vohra4. 1. Oral Medicine Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia. 2. Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. 3. Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. 4. Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: fvohra@ksu.edu.sa.
Abstract
AIM: The current clinical trial aimed to assess the effectiveness of adjunctive photodynamic therapy (aPDT) and adjunctive antibiotic gel therapy (aAGT) to treat peri-implantitis among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS: Selected T2DM participants with peri-implantitis were distributed into 3 groups: Group-1: received a single session of adjunctive (aPDT); Group-2: received a single session of adjunctive (aAGT) (metronidazole 400 mg and amoxicillin 500 mg); and Group-3: received MD alone. Clinical (probing depth [PD], bleeding on probing [BOP], and plaque scores [PS]) and radiographic (crestal bone loss [CBL]) peri-implant variables were recorded. Levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were assessed after the collection of peri-implant sulcular fluid (PISF). All the evaluations were carried out at baseline, 3- and 6-months. The significance level was set to p < 0.05. RESULTS: At 3-and 6-months of follow-up, all the three groups showed significant alleviation in PS (p < 0.05), BOP (p < 0.05), and PD (p < 0.05) when compared with the baseline. At baseline, no significant variation was observed in all clinical and radiographic peri-implant parameters among all three research groups. At 3-months follow-up, a considerable alleviation of in PS, BOP, PD, and CBL was noticeable in group-1 patients when compared with the baseline. At 6-months follow-up, a comparable difference was observed in BOP, PD, and CBL between group-1 and group-2. At baseline, no significant variation was observed in the PISF levels of IL-6 and TNF-α among all three research groups. At 3- and 6-months follow-up, a considerable alleviation of TNF-α and IL-6 levels was observed in group-1 and group-2 patients, respectively, when compared with the baseline. CONCLUSION: The application of aPDT demonstrated improved clinical, radiographic, and immunological peri-implant parameters for the treatment of peri-implantitis among T2DM patients.
AIM: The current clinical trial aimed to assess the effectiveness of adjunctive photodynamic therapy (aPDT) and adjunctive antibiotic gel therapy (aAGT) to treat peri-implantitis among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS: Selected T2DM participants with peri-implantitis were distributed into 3 groups: Group-1: received a single session of adjunctive (aPDT); Group-2: received a single session of adjunctive (aAGT) (metronidazole 400 mg and amoxicillin 500 mg); and Group-3: received MD alone. Clinical (probing depth [PD], bleeding on probing [BOP], and plaque scores [PS]) and radiographic (crestal bone loss [CBL]) peri-implant variables were recorded. Levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were assessed after the collection of peri-implant sulcular fluid (PISF). All the evaluations were carried out at baseline, 3- and 6-months. The significance level was set to p < 0.05. RESULTS: At 3-and 6-months of follow-up, all the three groups showed significant alleviation in PS (p < 0.05), BOP (p < 0.05), and PD (p < 0.05) when compared with the baseline. At baseline, no significant variation was observed in all clinical and radiographic peri-implant parameters among all three research groups. At 3-months follow-up, a considerable alleviation of in PS, BOP, PD, and CBL was noticeable in group-1 patients when compared with the baseline. At 6-months follow-up, a comparable difference was observed in BOP, PD, and CBL between group-1 and group-2. At baseline, no significant variation was observed in the PISF levels of IL-6 and TNF-α among all three research groups. At 3- and 6-months follow-up, a considerable alleviation of TNF-α and IL-6 levels was observed in group-1 and group-2 patients, respectively, when compared with the baseline. CONCLUSION: The application of aPDT demonstrated improved clinical, radiographic, and immunological peri-implant parameters for the treatment of peri-implantitis among T2DM patients.