Mojtaba Shafiee1, Hassan Vatanparast2, Bonnie Janzen3, Sara Serahati4, Pardis Keshavarz1, Parisa Jandaghi1, Punam Pahwa5. 1. College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada. 2. College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada; School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada. 3. Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada. 4. School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada. 5. Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada; Canadian Centre for Health and Safety in Agriculture, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada. Electronic address: pup165@mail.usask.ca.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: It is essential to identify factors associated with depression as it is a highly prevalent and disabling mental disorder. The aim of this study was to examine the association between depressive symptoms and household food security status among the Canadian adult population. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study of the adult population in the five provinces and one territory (Northwest Territories) of Canada using data from the 2015-2016 Canadian Community Health Survey-Annual Component (n=19,118). Depressive symptoms were assessed using the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire. Household food insecurity was measured using the Household Food Security Survey Module. A weighted logistic regression analysis with robust variance estimation technique was performed. RESULTS: Approximately 22% of the Canadian adult population reported mild-to-severe depressive symptoms, and 8.3% were from households classified as food insecure. Household food insecurity remained a predictor of mild-to-severe depressive symptoms after adjustment for other known risk factors (ORajd: 2.87, 95% CI: 2.33-3.55, p<0.001). In the multivariable model, significant associations were also found with multimorbidity, lower household income, a history of illicit drug use, being a current smoker, being a widowed/divorced/separated, obesity, and being a non-drinker. Significant interactions also emerged between employment status and age (p=0.03), employment status and gender (p<0.001), and physical activity level and gender (p<0.001). LIMITATIONS: The cross-sectional nature of the study does not allow inferring causality. CONCLUSIONS: Household food insecurity is associated with depressive symptoms in Canadian adults. Additional longitudinal research is required to further elucidate the nature of this relationship.
BACKGROUND: It is essential to identify factors associated with depression as it is a highly prevalent and disabling mental disorder. The aim of this study was to examine the association between depressive symptoms and household food security status among the Canadian adult population. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study of the adult population in the five provinces and one territory (Northwest Territories) of Canada using data from the 2015-2016 Canadian Community Health Survey-Annual Component (n=19,118). Depressive symptoms were assessed using the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire. Household food insecurity was measured using the Household Food Security Survey Module. A weighted logistic regression analysis with robust variance estimation technique was performed. RESULTS: Approximately 22% of the Canadian adult population reported mild-to-severe depressive symptoms, and 8.3% were from households classified as food insecure. Household food insecurity remained a predictor of mild-to-severe depressive symptoms after adjustment for other known risk factors (ORajd: 2.87, 95% CI: 2.33-3.55, p<0.001). In the multivariable model, significant associations were also found with multimorbidity, lower household income, a history of illicit drug use, being a current smoker, being a widowed/divorced/separated, obesity, and being a non-drinker. Significant interactions also emerged between employment status and age (p=0.03), employment status and gender (p<0.001), and physical activity level and gender (p<0.001). LIMITATIONS: The cross-sectional nature of the study does not allow inferring causality. CONCLUSIONS: Household food insecurity is associated with depressive symptoms in Canadian adults. Additional longitudinal research is required to further elucidate the nature of this relationship.
Authors: Brenna B Han; Eva Purkey; Colleen M Davison; Autumn Watson; Dionne Nolan; Dan Mitchell; Sheldon Traviss; Jennifer Kehoe; Imaan Bayoumi Journal: BMC Public Health Date: 2022-05-17 Impact factor: 4.135
Authors: Yuan Luo; Jacob C Johnson; Tuhin S Chakraborty; Austin Piontkowski; Christi M Gendron; Scott D Pletcher Journal: Sci Adv Date: 2021-05-12 Impact factor: 14.957