Keisuke Suzuki1, Shiho Suzuki2, Yasuo Haruyama3, Madoka Okamura2, Tomohiko Shiina2, Hiroaki Fujita2, Gen Kobashi3, Toshimi Sairenchi3, Koji Uchiyama4, Koichi Hirata2. 1. Department of Neurology, Dokkyo Medical University, 880 Kitakobayashi, Shimotsuga, Mibu, Tochigi, 321-0293, Japan. keisuke@dokkyomed.ac.jp. 2. Department of Neurology, Dokkyo Medical University, 880 Kitakobayashi, Shimotsuga, Mibu, Tochigi, 321-0293, Japan. 3. Department of Public Health, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan. 4. Laboratory of International Environmental Health, Center for International Cooperation, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that, in migraine patients, central sensitization (CS) could be associated with comorbid restless legs syndrome (RLS). METHODS: We conducted a case-control study including 186 migraine patients and 186 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Symptoms related to CS syndrome were assessed by the Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI). Individuals with CSI Part A (CSI-A) scores ≥ 40 were defined as having CS. For patients with migraine, the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9 were administered. In the patient group, RLS and migraine were diagnosed through face-to-face interviews. RESULTS: Among migraine patients, 26 (14.0%) suffered from chronic migraine. The mean disease duration was 23.7 ± 11.8 years. Migraine patients showed a higher rate of CS (21.0% vs. 8.6%) than healthy controls, with an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of 3.039 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.560-5.992; p = 0.001). Migraine patients in the CS group had higher rates of smoking, chronic migraine and RLS and higher BPI and PHQ-9 scores than migraine patients in the non-CS group. The use of acute and preventive treatment for migraine did not significantly differ between the CS and non-CS groups. Multivariable analysis identified the presence of RLS (AOR, 28.471; 95% CI 6.438-125.918; p < 0.001) and the BPI pain interference score (AOR, 1.398; 95% CI 1.061-1.843; p = 0.017) as the significant determinants of CS among migraine patients. CONCLUSION: Migraine patients were 3 times more likely to have CS than healthy controls. Our study results showed an association between RLS and CS in migraine patients.
OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that, in migrainepatients, central sensitization (CS) could be associated with comorbid restless legs syndrome (RLS). METHODS: We conducted a case-control study including 186 migrainepatients and 186 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Symptoms related to CS syndrome were assessed by the Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI). Individuals with CSI Part A (CSI-A) scores ≥ 40 were defined as having CS. For patients with migraine, the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9 were administered. In the patient group, RLS and migraine were diagnosed through face-to-face interviews. RESULTS: Among migrainepatients, 26 (14.0%) suffered from chronic migraine. The mean disease duration was 23.7 ± 11.8 years. Migrainepatients showed a higher rate of CS (21.0% vs. 8.6%) than healthy controls, with an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of 3.039 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.560-5.992; p = 0.001). Migrainepatients in the CS group had higher rates of smoking, chronic migraine and RLS and higher BPI and PHQ-9 scores than migrainepatients in the non-CS group. The use of acute and preventive treatment for migraine did not significantly differ between the CS and non-CS groups. Multivariable analysis identified the presence of RLS (AOR, 28.471; 95% CI 6.438-125.918; p < 0.001) and the BPI pain interference score (AOR, 1.398; 95% CI 1.061-1.843; p = 0.017) as the significant determinants of CS among migrainepatients. CONCLUSION:Migrainepatients were 3 times more likely to have CS than healthy controls. Our study results showed an association between RLS and CS in migrainepatients.
Entities:
Keywords:
Central sensitization; Central sensitization inventory; Depressive symptoms; Migraine; Restless legs syndrome