Diego B Nobrega1,2, Karen L Tang3, Niamh P Caffrey4, Jeroen De Buck5, Susan C Cork4, Paul E Ronksley6, Alicia J Polachek7, Heather Ganshorn8, Nishan Sharma7, John P Kastelic5, James D Kellner9, William A Ghali3, Herman W Barkema2,5,6. 1. Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada. 2. Mastitis Network, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada. 3. Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. 4. Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. 5. Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. 6. Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. 7. W21C Research and Innovation Centre, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. 8. Libraries and Cultural Resources, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. 9. Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: There is ongoing debate regarding potential associations between restrictions of antimicrobial use and prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacteria. OBJECTIVES: To summarize the effects of interventions reducing antimicrobial use in food-producing animals on the prevalence of AMR genes (ARGs) in bacteria from animals and humans. METHODS: We published a full systematic review of restrictions of antimicrobials in food-producing animals and their associations with AMR in bacteria. Herein, we focus on studies reporting on the association between restricted antimicrobial use and prevalence of ARGs. We used multilevel mixed-effects models and a semi-quantitative approach based on forest plots to summarize findings from studies. RESULTS: A positive effect of intervention [reduction in prevalence or number of ARGs in group(s) with restricted antimicrobial use] was reported from 29 studies for at least one ARG. We detected significant associations between a ban on avoparcin and diminished presence of the vanA gene in samples from animals and humans, whereas for the mecA gene, studies agreed on a positive effect of intervention in samples only from animals. Comparisons involving mcr-1, blaCTX-M, aadA2, vat(E), sul2, dfrA5, dfrA13, tet(E) and tet(P) indicated a reduced prevalence of genes in intervention groups. Conversely, no effects were detected for β-lactamases other than blaCTX-M and the remaining tet genes. CONCLUSIONS: The available body of scientific evidence supported that restricted use of antimicrobials in food animals was associated with an either lower or equal presence of ARGs in bacteria, with effects dependent on ARG, host species and restricted drug.
BACKGROUND: There is ongoing debate regarding potential associations between restrictions of antimicrobial use and prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacteria. OBJECTIVES: To summarize the effects of interventions reducing antimicrobial use in food-producing animals on the prevalence of AMR genes (ARGs) in bacteria from animals and humans. METHODS: We published a full systematic review of restrictions of antimicrobials in food-producing animals and their associations with AMR in bacteria. Herein, we focus on studies reporting on the association between restricted antimicrobial use and prevalence of ARGs. We used multilevel mixed-effects models and a semi-quantitative approach based on forest plots to summarize findings from studies. RESULTS: A positive effect of intervention [reduction in prevalence or number of ARGs in group(s) with restricted antimicrobial use] was reported from 29 studies for at least one ARG. We detected significant associations between a ban on avoparcin and diminished presence of the vanA gene in samples from animals and humans, whereas for the mecA gene, studies agreed on a positive effect of intervention in samples only from animals. Comparisons involving mcr-1, blaCTX-M, aadA2, vat(E), sul2, dfrA5, dfrA13, tet(E) and tet(P) indicated a reduced prevalence of genes in intervention groups. Conversely, no effects were detected for β-lactamases other than blaCTX-M and the remaining tet genes. CONCLUSIONS: The available body of scientific evidence supported that restricted use of antimicrobials in food animals was associated with an either lower or equal presence of ARGs in bacteria, with effects dependent on ARG, host species and restricted drug.
Authors: John P Hays; Maria Jose Ruiz-Alvarez; Natalia Roson-Calero; Rohul Amin; Jayaseelan Murugaiyan; Maarten B M van Dongen Journal: Infect Dis Ther Date: 2022-05-23
Authors: Yusuf Wada; Ahmad Adebayo Irekeola; Engku Nur Syafirah E A R; Wardah Yusof; Lee Lih Huey; Suwaiba Ladan Muhammad; Azian Harun; Chan Yean Yean; Abdul Rahman Zaidah Journal: Antibiotics (Basel) Date: 2021-01-31