Tetiana I Bogdanova1,2,3, Vladimir A Saenko1, Yuko Hashimoto4, Mitsuyoshi Hirokawa5, Liudmyla Yu Zurnadzhy2, Toshitetsu Hayashi5, Masahiro Ito6, Manabu Iwadate3, Norisato Mitsutake7, Tatiana I Rogounovitch7, Atsuhiko Sakamoto8, Hiroshi Naganuma9, Akira Miyauchi10, Mykola D Tronko11, Geraldine Thomas12, Shunichi Yamashita1,7,13, Shinichi Suzuki3. 1. Department of Radiation Molecular Epidemiology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan. 2. Laboratory of Morphology of Endocrine System; " Kyiv, Ukraine. 3. Department of Thyroid Endocrinology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan. 4. Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan. 5. Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kuma Hospital, Kobe, Japan. 6. Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Nagasaki Medical Center, Omura, Japan. 7. Department of Radiation Medical Sciences, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan. 8. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Omori Red Cross Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. 9. Sendai Red Cross Hospital, Sendai, Japan. 10. Kuma Hospital, Kobe, Japan. 11. Department of Fundamental and Applied Problems of Endocrinology; State Institution "V.P.Komisarenko Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism of NAMS of Ukraine," Kyiv, Ukraine. 12. Imperial College, Charing Cross Hospital, London, United Kingdom. 13. Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.
Abstract
Background: A significant increase in the incidence of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) in subjects exposed to radiation at a young age is a well-documented health consequence of the Chernobyl accident. The ongoing Thyroid Ultrasound Examination (TUE) program in children and adolescents of Fukushima Prefecture in Japan also indicated a high prevalence of PTC although its attribution to radiation exposure is a subject of debate. The objective of this study was to perform histopathological analysis of tumor architecture and invasive properties in (i) radiogenic post-Chernobyl and sporadic PTCs from Ukraine, and (ii) PTCs in patients from Fukushima and other Prefectures of Japan of comparable age groups. Methods: The Ukrainian radiogenic PTCs included 245 PTCs from patients who resided in three highly 131I-contaminated regions and 165 sporadic PTCs diagnosed in residents of the same regions who were born after the accident and therefore not exposed to radioiodine. The Japanese series included 115 PTCs detected during the preliminary and the first full-scale surveys of the TUE in Fukushima and 223 PTCs from patients resident in other Prefectures. All of the subjects were included in the main statistical analysis. Three additional analyses were performed limiting the subjects to children, adolescents, and adults. Results: Ukrainian radiogenic PTC was characterized by the higher frequency of tumors with a dominant solid-trabecular growth pattern and higher invasiveness, more frequent extrathyroidal extension, lymphatic/vascular invasion, regional and distant metastases when compared with sporadic Ukrainian PTC. The integrative "invasiveness score," based on five cancer characteristics, was also higher in the radiogenic group. The differences were most pronounced in children. In contrast, no significant differences in tumor morphology or invasiveness were observed between the two Japanese groups or the three age subgroups. The only statistically significant findings were the higher proportion of male patients, smaller mean tumor size, and higher frequency of T1b tumors in the Fukushima group. Conclusions: The difference in morphological features that indicate biological behavior of PTC between the radiation-related and sporadic groups from Ukraine, together with the lack of such in the two groups from Japan, strongly suggest a nonradiogenic etiology of PTC from Fukushima and other Prefectures.
Background: A significant increase in the incidence of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) in subjects exposed to radiation at a young age is a well-documented health consequence of the Chernobyl accident. The ongoing Thyroid Ultrasound Examination (TUE) program in children and adolescents of Fukushima Prefecture in Japan also indicated a high prevalence of PTC although its attribution to radiation exposure is a subject of debate. The objective of this study was to perform histopathological analysis of tumor architecture and invasive properties in (i) radiogenic post-Chernobyl and sporadic PTCs from Ukraine, and (ii) PTCs in patients from Fukushima and other Prefectures of Japan of comparable age groups. Methods: The Ukrainian radiogenic PTCs included 245 PTCs from patients who resided in three highly 131I-contaminated regions and 165 sporadic PTCs diagnosed in residents of the same regions who were born after the accident and therefore not exposed to radioiodine. The Japanese series included 115 PTCs detected during the preliminary and the first full-scale surveys of the TUE in Fukushima and 223 PTCs from patients resident in other Prefectures. All of the subjects were included in the main statistical analysis. Three additional analyses were performed limiting the subjects to children, adolescents, and adults. Results: Ukrainian radiogenic PTC was characterized by the higher frequency of tumors with a dominant solid-trabecular growth pattern and higher invasiveness, more frequent extrathyroidal extension, lymphatic/vascular invasion, regional and distant metastases when compared with sporadic Ukrainian PTC. The integrative "invasiveness score," based on five cancer characteristics, was also higher in the radiogenic group. The differences were most pronounced in children. In contrast, no significant differences in tumor morphology or invasiveness were observed between the two Japanese groups or the three age subgroups. The only statistically significant findings were the higher proportion of male patients, smaller mean tumor size, and higher frequency of T1b tumors in the Fukushima group. Conclusions: The difference in morphological features that indicate biological behavior of PTC between the radiation-related and sporadic groups from Ukraine, together with the lack of such in the two groups from Japan, strongly suggest a nonradiogenic etiology of PTC from Fukushima and other Prefectures.
Authors: Lindsay M Morton; Danielle M Karyadi; Chip Stewart; Tetiana I Bogdanova; Eric T Dawson; Mia K Steinberg; Jieqiong Dai; Stephen W Hartley; Sara J Schonfeld; Joshua N Sampson; Yosef E Maruvka; Vidushi Kapoor; Dale A Ramsden; Juan Carvajal-Garcia; Charles M Perou; Joel S Parker; Marko Krznaric; Meredith Yeager; Joseph F Boland; Amy Hutchinson; Belynda D Hicks; Casey L Dagnall; Julie M Gastier-Foster; Jay Bowen; Olivia Lee; Mitchell J Machiela; Elizabeth K Cahoon; Alina V Brenner; Kiyohiko Mabuchi; Vladimir Drozdovitch; Sergii Masiuk; Mykola Chepurny; Liudmyla Yu Zurnadzhy; Maureen Hatch; Amy Berrington de Gonzalez; Gerry A Thomas; Mykola D Tronko; Gad Getz; Stephen J Chanock Journal: Science Date: 2021-04-22 Impact factor: 63.714