Multimorbidity networks of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and heart failure in men and women: Evidence from the EpiChron Cohort.

Patients with heart failure (HF) and/or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) constitute a complex population with different phenotypes based on pathophysiology, comorbidity, sex and age. We aimed to compare the multimorbidity patterns of HF and COPD in men and women using network analysis. Individuals aged 40 years or older on 2015 of the EpiChron Cohort (Aragon, Spain) were stratified by sex and as having COPD (n = 28,608), HF (n = 13,414), or COPD and HF (n = 3952). We constructed one network per group by obtaining age-adjusted phi correlations between comorbidities. For each sex, networks differed between the three study groups; between sexes, similarities were found for the two HF groups. We detected some specific diseases highly connected in all networks (e.g., cardio-metabolic, respiratory diseases, and chronic kidney failure), and some others that were group-specific that would require further study. We identified common clusters (i.e., cardio-metabolic, cardiovascular, cancer, and neuro-psychiatric) and others specific and clinically relevant in COPD patients (e.g., behavioral risk disorders were systematically associated with psychiatric diseases in women and cancer in men). Network analysis represents a powerful tool to analyze, visualize, and compare the multimorbidity patterns of COPD and HF, also facilitated by developing an ad hoc website.