Margie E Snyder1, Betty Chewning2, David Kreling3, Susan M Perkins4, Lyndee M Knox5, Omolola A Adeoye-Olatunde6, Heather A Jaynes7, Jon C Schommer8, Matthew M Murawski9, Nisaratana Sangasubana10, Lisa A Hillman11, Geoffrey M Curran12. 1. Purdue University College of Pharmacy, Fifth Third Bank Building, 640 Eskenazi Avenue, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA. Electronic address: snyderme@purdue.edu. 2. University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Pharmacy, 2523 Rennebohm Hall, 777 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705-2222, USA. Electronic address: betty.chewning@wisc.edu. 3. University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Pharmacy, 2523 Rennebohm Hall, 777 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705-2222, USA. Electronic address: david.kreling@wisc.edu. 4. Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics, 410 West 10th Street, Suite 3000, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA. Electronic address: sperkin1@iu.edu. 5. L.A. Net Community Health Resources Network, 800 East Ocean Blvd, Suite 104, Long Beach, CA, 90802(562), USA. Electronic address: Lyndee.knox@gmail.com. 6. Purdue University College of Pharmacy, Fifth Third Bank Building, 640 Eskenazi Avenue, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA. Electronic address: adeoyeo@purdue.edu. 7. Purdue University College of Pharmacy, Fifth Third Bank Building, 640 Eskenazi Avenue, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA. Electronic address: hrwoblew@iu.edu. 8. University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy 7-159 Weaver-Densford Hall 308 Harvard St. SE Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA. Electronic address: schom010@umn.edu. 9. Purdue University College of Pharmacy, Fifth Third Bank Building, 640 Eskenazi Avenue, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA. Electronic address: murawski@purdue.edu. 10. Sonderegger Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705, USA. Electronic address: nsangasubana@gmail.com. 11. University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy 7-159 Weaver-Densford Hall 308 Harvard St. SE Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA. Electronic address: hill0667@umn.edu. 12. University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, 4301 W. Markham St., #522-4, Little Rock, AR, 72205-7199, USA. Electronic address: currangeoffreym@uams.edu.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Medication non-adherence is a problem of critical importance, affecting approximately 50% of all persons taking at least one regularly scheduled prescription medication and costing the United States more than $100 billion annually. Traditional data sources for identifying and resolving medication non-adherence in community pharmacies include prescription fill histories. However, medication possession does not necessarily mean patients are taking their medications as prescribed. Patient-reported outcomes (PROs), measuring adherence challenges pertaining to both remembering and intention to take medication, offer a rich data source for pharmacists and prescribers to use to resolve medication non-adherence. PatientToc™ is a PROs collection software developed to facilitate collection of PROs data from low-literacy and non-English speaking patients in Los Angeles. OBJECTIVES: This study will evaluate the spread and scale of PatientToc™ from primary care to community pharmacies for the collection and use of PROs data pertaining to medication adherence. METHODS: The following implementation and evaluation steps will be conducted: 1) a pre-implementation developmental formative evaluation to determine community pharmacy workflow and current practices for identifying and resolving medication non-adherence, potential barriers and facilitators to PatientToc™ implementation, and to create a draft implementation toolkit, 2) two plan-do-study-act cycles to refine an implementation toolkit for spreading and scaling implementation of PatientToc™ in community pharmacies, and 3) a comprehensive, theory-driven evaluation of the quality of care, implementation, and patient health outcomes of spreading and scaling PatientToc™ to community pharmacies. EXPECTED IMPACT: This research will inform long-term collection and use of PROs data pertaining to medication adherence in community pharmacies.
BACKGROUND: Medication non-adherence is a problem of critical importance, affecting approximately 50% of all persons taking at least one regularly scheduled prescription medication and costing the United States more than $100 billion annually. Traditional data sources for identifying and resolving medication non-adherence in community pharmacies include prescription fill histories. However, medication possession does not necessarily mean patients are taking their medications as prescribed. Patient-reported outcomes (PROs), measuring adherence challenges pertaining to both remembering and intention to take medication, offer a rich data source for pharmacists and prescribers to use to resolve medication non-adherence. PatientToc™ is a PROs collection software developed to facilitate collection of PROs data from low-literacy and non-English speaking patients in Los Angeles. OBJECTIVES: This study will evaluate the spread and scale of PatientToc™ from primary care to community pharmacies for the collection and use of PROs data pertaining to medication adherence. METHODS: The following implementation and evaluation steps will be conducted: 1) a pre-implementation developmental formative evaluation to determine community pharmacy workflow and current practices for identifying and resolving medication non-adherence, potential barriers and facilitators to PatientToc™ implementation, and to create a draft implementation toolkit, 2) two plan-do-study-act cycles to refine an implementation toolkit for spreading and scaling implementation of PatientToc™ in community pharmacies, and 3) a comprehensive, theory-driven evaluation of the quality of care, implementation, and patient health outcomes of spreading and scaling PatientToc™ to community pharmacies. EXPECTED IMPACT: This research will inform long-term collection and use of PROs data pertaining to medication adherence in community pharmacies.
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Authors: Omolola A Adeoye-Olatunde; Geoffrey M Curran; Heather A Jaynes; Lisa A Hillman; Nisaratana Sangasubana; Betty A Chewning; David H Kreling; Jon C Schommer; Matthew M Murawski; Susan M Perkins; Margie E Snyder Journal: Implement Sci Commun Date: 2022-03-14